街塵污染特性及最適洗掃頻率之研究

Street Dust Loading on Paved Road and Optimal Sweeping/Washing Frequency

陳世育(Shih-Yu Chen)

指導教授 ： 章裕民

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

洗掃街車已證實能有效去除鋪面道路上的粒狀污染物，以達到改善空氣品質。然而影響洗掃街車之洗掃效率因子相當多，例如：車行揚塵、路面街塵負荷量、氣象因子、洗掃機具及洗掃方法等。而由於氣象因子較無法有效去界定及控制，而車行揚塵、街塵負荷量及洗掃方法可作為判定洗掃作業之削減成效之依據，亦較易掌控，故本研究之重點在於找出影響洗掃效率之洗掃參數和洗掃頻率進行探討，以作為未來之管制策略。
經全國街塵採樣調查結果得知，全國之平均街塵負荷為4.46 g/m2，以彰化縣、臺南市及屏東縣較高，均超過8.0 g/m2，而連江縣、臺北市、新竹市及臺北縣之平均街塵負荷較低，均低於2.0 g/m2。平均坋土負荷為0.60 g/m2，以臺南市及屏東縣較高，均超過1.0 g/m2，而臺北市及連江縣之平均坋土負荷較低，均低於0.1 g/m2，其他縣市之平均坋土負荷則介於0.1 ~ 1.0 g/m2的範圍之間。平均坋土比例為13.36%，以臺南市最高，為17.84%，臺北市最低，為7.48%。
經洗掃街車模擬試驗之結果，擬定掃街車之最適操作參數為：車速為5 km/hr、鼓風機轉速為2,500 rpm及噴水量為0.2 L/min；掃刷角度皆固定在45°。洗街車之最適操作參數為：車速10 km/hr、噴水位置右開、用水量650 L/min及噴水角度45°。
從洗掃效率之分析結果發現，於掃街段中，其削減效率為52.78 ~ 70.16%，平均為61.06%；於洗街段中，其削減效率為49.81 ~ 79.10%，平均為62.66%。各等級道路中，A級道路之掃街和洗街削減效率分別為55.56%和51.41%；B級道路分別為60.89%和61.67%；C級道路分別為68.08%和77.47%。
最後，由於街道揚塵洗掃作業係以將道路提昇至A級為目標，故本研究建議一套最適洗掃執行方式。A級道路僅執行掃街作業，掃街頻率為每5天掃街一次；B級和C級道路建議可搭配掃街和洗街作業ㄧ同執行，洗掃頻率各為每3天及2天洗掃一次。由本研究結果可知，增加洗掃街頻率，將可有效改善街道髒污品質。

關鍵字

洗掃參數 ； 洗掃效率 ； 街塵累積速率 ； 洗掃頻率

並列摘要

Street sweeper or washer has proven to be an effective tool for removal of dust on the paved road, to improve the air quality. However there are many factors to affects street sweeper’s sweep efficiency, for example: emission factor, street dust loading, weather factors, street sweeper/washer vehicles and sweeping method. Because of weather factors can not be more effective to define and control, emission factor, street dust loading and sweeping method can determine the sweeping efficiency and easier to control. So this study was to identify sweeping parameters and sweeping frequency as the future control strategy.
After street dust sampling throughout the country, the average street dust loading is 4.46 g/m2, Changhua County, Tainan City and Pingtung County higher, are more than 8.0 g/m2, and Lianjiang County, Taipei City, Hsinchu City and Taipei County, the average street dust loading lower, are below 2.0 g/m2. The average silt loading is 0.60 g/m2, Tainan City and Pingtung County higher, are more than 1.0 g/m2, Other counties and cities the average silt loading are between 0.1 ~ 1.0 g/m2. The average silt ratio is 13.36 percent, the highest in Tainan City, is 17.84%, the lowest in Taipei, is 7.48%.
After the street sweeper/washer vehicles simulation test, the street sweeper’s optimum operating sweeping parameters: speed limit is 5 km/hr, blower speed is 2,500 rpm and spray water volume is 0.2 L/min, brush angle is fixed at 45 degree. The street washer’s optimum operating sweeping parameters: speed limit is 10 km/hr, spray water position is right, water volume is 650 L/min and spray water angle is 45 degree.
From the sweeping efficiency analysis results found, the sweeping efficiency are between 52.78% to 70.16%, the average sweeping efficiency is 61.06% in street sweeping section. The washing efficiency are between 49.81% to 79.10%, the average sweeping efficiency is 62.66% in street washing section.
In every grade of street dust loading, road of A gradg’s sweeping and washing efficiency was 55.56% and 51.41%, road of B gradg’s sweeping and washing efficiency was 60.89% and 61.67%, road of C gradg’s sweeping and washing efficiency was 68.08% and 77.47%.
The road to be upgraded to A level as the goal, this study suggests that the optimal sweeping/washing method. A grade road only to execute street-sweeping operations, the street sweeping frequency is 5 days. B grade and C grade roads suggest may match street sweeping and street washing operations to implement at the same time, the street sweeping/washing frequency for each of the 3 days and 2 days.
Finally, Sweeping/washing frequency increase would be available to improve the street dirty quality.

並列關鍵字

Sweeping Parameters ； Sweeping efficiency ； Street dust accumulation rate ； Sweeping frequency

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