具高效率及低電流諧波之高速永磁同步馬達六步波電壓轉矩控制

用於電動載具之永磁同步馬達驅動器，多希望系統有高效率、高功率密度且馬達有廣泛之定功率輸出範圍。其中，永磁同步馬達之定功率區或高速運作與其變頻器之直流鏈電壓及輸出電壓有效利用率有關，一般六步波切換有最大之電壓有效利用率，但此法會提高定子電流諧波而造成馬達轉矩漣波過大而衍生效率不佳、振動及噪音等問題；本文提出一具六步波電壓驅動及其振幅可調控之低電流諧波控制策略，可用於永磁同步馬達高速或定功率區之轉矩控制，除大幅降低馬達振動及噪音外亦可有效提升變頻器效率及延伸馬達定功率或高速之操作區域。首先，針對六步波電壓驅動所產生之電流諧波成分進行傅立葉分析，透過改變變頻器之直流鏈電壓與相電壓角度之雙自由度控制來達到抑制定子電流諧波及提高電壓有效利用率之目的；隨後依據馬達特性來微調相電壓角度以提高系統效能。所提方法於MATLAB建構模擬環作為分析與設計之參考，並以TI之數位訊號處理器TMS320F28035作為控制核心，分別於3kW/9.55Nm/3000rpm表面貼磁及6kW/47.7Nm/1200rpm內置磁石之永磁同步馬達，驗證所提之驅動方法。

關鍵字

電流諧波；六步波電壓驅動；永磁同步馬達；電動載具； MTPA

並列摘要

High efficiency, power density and wide constant power region are all the required conditions of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in electric vehicles. The DC-link voltage of inverter is dependent on the output voltage utilization of the PMSM. The conventional six-step voltage control method provides maximum voltage utilization, but this control method increases current harmonics, torque ripple, vibration and noise. This proposed method is a torque control combining six-step voltage control and variation voltage to reduce current harmonics in high speed region and constant power region. Beside reduce vibration and noise, but also increase efficiency of inverter and extend constant power region. First, using Fourier method to analysis current harmonics. Through two-degree-of-freedom control (regulated DC-link voltage and phase angle) to reduce current harmonics and increase voltage utilization. Second, increase system efficiency by adjust phase angle according to motor characteristic. Finally, a simulation based on MATLAB and Mathematica to analysis and design proposed method. The experimental results test based on MCU TMS320F28035 with 3kW/9.55Nm/3000rpm SMPM and 6kW/47.7Nm/1200rpm IPMSM to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system.

並列關鍵字

current harmonics ； Six-step voltage control ； Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ； Electric vehicle ； Maximal Torque per Ampere

參考文獻

[3] 張智凱，「具低解析度轉子磁場位置回授之永磁同步馬達驅動器研製」，國立台北科技大學電機工程系碩士學位論文，民國九十九年。

[6] 辜重興「具有弱磁控制之電動載具用永磁同步馬達驅動器研製」，國立台北科技大學電機工程系碩士學位論文，民國九十九年。

[28] 陳錦豪，「用於永磁同步馬達之具類弦波定子電流的六步波電壓驅動技術」，國立台北科技大學電機工程系碩士學位論文，民國101年。

[1] Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2010 (EPA 2012). [Online] http://www.c2es.org/facts-figures/us-emissions/sector

[2] Z. Q. Zhu and D. Howe, “Electrical Machines and Drives for Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 746-765,Apr. 2007.

國際替代計量

具高效率及低電流諧波之高速永磁同步馬達六步波電壓轉矩控制

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