老人福利機構水災風險與應變分析

Flood Risk and Emergency Response for Senior Citizens’ Welfare Institutions

黃韻潔(Yun-Chieh Huang)

指導教授 ： 施邦築

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

許多國家的人口結構逐漸朝高齡化邁進，臺灣也已經邁入高齡化社會，由於高齡者之健康狀況與行動能力有別於一般人，因此高齡者照顧及居住空間的安全為目前國家社會所重視的問題。臺灣位於西太平洋颱風路徑之要衝上，每年夏秋之際常遭受颱風或熱帶性低氣壓所帶來之颱洪侵襲、洪患發生的機率偏高。近年來因氣候變遷所引起的極端降雨事件，造成易淹水區域範圍日趨擴大，許多老人福利機構遭受水患的侵襲，對於大多數無法自力避難之老人福利機構而言，雖已接收到避難撤離訊息，卻因避難撤離需要足夠的人力協助及時間為之，而引發疏散不及、風險增高之情形。
因此，本研究使用水利署重現期距50年的淹水潛勢圖，與老人福利機構的位置套疊比對，進行水災潛勢調查分析；藉由案例分析及現場調查了解現行老人福利機構所面臨的問題，並提出老人福利機構水災風險分析之分級方法，以重現期距50年的淹水潛勢圖之淹水深度及過去淹水記錄判斷淹水危害度指標，並以建築空間、建築設備及撤離人力來判斷空間脆弱度指標，以上述淹水危害度指標及空間脆弱度指標決定老人福利機構的風險值之高低，並可依據風險高低建立可行之應變機制與對策。

關鍵字

老人福利機構 ； 淹水潛勢 ； 風險 ； 空間應變

並列摘要

In Taiwan, the structure of population gradually moves toward aging society. The health status and ability of elderly are different from normal people. Therefore, the problems of elderly care and living space are important regarding to security valued in the community. Taiwan is located on the hub of the typhoon in the Western Pacific. The summer and fall season each year often suffers by typhoons and tropical depressions. Due to climate change, extreme rainfall happened in recent years. Furthermore, flood areas increases and threaten to many senior citizens’ welfare institutions. However, most of the senior citizens’ welfare institutions cannot refuge by themselves. Furthermore, the elderly requires human assistance and sufficient time to get away although evacuation messages have received.
Therefore, this research aims to analyze potential flood levels, make flooding potential investigation, and analyze the 50-year return period flood potential map regarding to the location of the senior citizens’ welfare institutions. Furthermore, case studies and site investigations are applied to understand the present serious problems of most welfare institutions in Taiwan, and propose classification method for risk analysis in flood of the senior citizens’ welfare institutions. Finally, the research proposes method and indexes to establish the emergency mechanisms and the countermeasures using the flooded water depth and the past flooded water records of the 50-year return period flood potential map. These proposed indexes include judged the index of hazard, the index of vulnerability by the building special, the building equipment and the evacuation of human.

並列關鍵字

Senior Citizens’ Welfare Institutions ； Flood prone area ； Flood Risk ； Spacial Emergency

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