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  • 學位論文

氣候變遷對空氣品質及大氣涵容能力衝擊之季節性預警指標與機制

The Development of Climate Change Impacts on Air Quality Sustainability Seasonal Warning System

指導教授 : 曾昭衡
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摘要


本研究延續魏名材 (2007) 建立之“長期” 「氣候變遷對空氣品質衝擊評估模式 (時間尺度: 100 ~ 30 年)」及許峻嘉 (2008) “短期”預警機制 (時間尺度: 30 ~ 5 年),進一步以中央氣象局季長期天氣展望預報模擬溫度及雨量改變假設四種 (高溫多雨、高溫少雨、低溫多雨、低溫少雨) 不同情境,修正「氣候變遷對空氣品質衝擊評估模式」,並實際分析預測 2007 ~ 2008 年四季 (春、夏、秋、冬) 之北部空品區空氣品質及大氣涵容能力變化,建立大氣涵容能力季預警機制。季節預測結果顯示,氮氧化物 (NOx) 、一氧化碳 (CO)、懸浮微粒10微米以下 (PM10)、臭氧 (O3)及二氧化硫 (SO2) 之每季月平均濃度,其平均絕對百分誤差 (Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE) 預測準確度都介於優良範圍 (10 % ≦ MAPE ≦ 20 %),顯示「氣候變遷對空氣品質衝擊評估模式」可應用於長期 (100 ~ 30 年)、短期 (30 ~ 5 年) 及季節性之氣候變遷空氣品質預測評估系統。 剩餘涵容能力百分比結果顯示,2007 ~ 2008年北部空品區空氣污染物CO與SO2具有足夠的剩餘涵容量,平均最大剩餘涵容能力均大於80%; 非甲烷碳氫化合物 (NMHC) 、NOx超過大氣環境所能負荷之一半之大氣涵容能力 (< 50%) ; 而PM10剩餘涵容能力最差,最低點發生在2008年春季之低溫少雨情境下,PM10剩餘百分比為2.8%,即說明PM10春季低溫少雨情境下剩餘涵容能力很有可會出現負值 (超出大氣涵容能力)。 本研究模擬2007 ~ 2008 年北部空品區四行政區縣市 (基隆士、台北市、台北縣及桃園縣) 臭氧不良率,發現台北市佔最大比例42%,其次為台北縣37%,桃園縣 基隆市分別各佔11%與10%,臭氧不良率依序分別為台北市 (2.92%)、台北縣 (2.53%)、桃園縣 (0.74%)、基隆市 (0.71%),並指出台北市之古亭、松山、萬華測站除了在冬季以外的季節,臭氧不良率皆超出民國100年改善標準0.77%; 而在台北縣之新店、土城、板橋測站也有如台北市相同情況發生,不良率分別依序為新店 (5.92%) 、新莊 (2.47%) 、土城 (4.41%) 、板橋 (3.47%) 均超出不良率標準0.77%。

並列摘要


The research employed “the model of Climate Change Impacts on Air Quality” and the One-Month Outlook of weather from Central Weather Bureau to simulate the climate change impacts on temperature, wind speed and rainfall precipitation in Northern air Basin of Taiwan. A permanently readable warning system was established, by assuming four scenarios (high temperature and rainfall, high temperature low rainfall, low temperature high rainfall, low temperature and rainfall), analyzing and forecasting the four months in year 2007~2008, analysis including the air quality and carrying capacity of spring, summer, autumn and winter. Results show that the MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) of NOx, CO, PM10, O3, SO2 appeared within the standard excellent range (10% ≦ MAPE ≦ 20%), therefore, this model can be employed for monthal prediction. Forecasting result also showed the Percentage of Residual Carrying Capacity of hazardous gases in Northern air Basin of Taiwan. The residual capacities of CO and SO2 were both higher than 80%. NMHC and NOx were exceeding half of the load carrying capacity of the atmosphere. PM10 simulation had the worst results, reaching 2.8% in spring 2008, which was a low temperature and rainfall scenario. A negative value could appear, which means a possible overload of PM10 in the atmosphere.. In this study, the O3 Non-attainment probability in Northern air Basin of Taiwan in year 2007-2008 was forecasted. Results showed that taipei City accounted for the largest proportion, which was 42%, followed by 37% for Taipei County, 11% and 10% for Keelung City and Taoyuan County, respectively. Results also pointed out that in Taipei's Kuting, Matsuyama and Wanhua station, the non-performing rate of ozone exceeded the standard of improving regulations by 0.77% in all the months except winter. Taipei County's Hsintien, Panchiao station showed the same situation as in Taipei City.

參考文獻


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