台灣高層集合住宅耐震設計之檢視

高層集合住宅為都市化生活的必然產物，而建築的首要條件即為安全；地震為台灣不可忽略的天然災害之一，也是建築結構安全上最大的問題，但從震災經驗與國內現況發現，建築業界對耐震設計有不少的誤解與缺失；因此，本研究以台灣高層集合住宅耐震設計為探討主題，藉由理論探討與重大震災經驗的檢討，歸結彙整出耐震設計原則與重點，並以台灣典型高層集合住宅為對象，檢視其因應耐震所呈現的設計方式與效能，最後就整體成果提出結論與建議。研究以「誘導式結構理論」做為論文操作之方法，透過問題界定、擬定思考方向、進而提取相關重點、歸結，最後提出研究成果、結論與建議。研究課題包含，構造設計、耐震原理、造型、構材、結構補強、國內外重大震災等。本文共分五章，個別為：第一章緒論、第二章文獻回顧、第三章建築耐震設計原則重點之探討、第四章耐震設計案例檢視分析、第五章結論與建議。重點提取、歸結耐震設計檢視原則、重點共分為：一、重心與剛心的檢視（偏心率的檢視）；二、剛性平衡與剛度的檢視；三、結構整型檢視；四、耐震構件配置；五、地下室的檢視；六、細部設計與施工之檢視。總和研究成果三項結論，一、正確的建築耐震設計觀念為建築安全的重要基礎；二、平衡良好的結構設計其耐震效果是相乘的；三、台灣高層集合住宅耐震設計、施工經驗。文後的建議兩點，一、結構設計應於規劃階段即須整合相關人員之意見與專業；二、政府與專業者應對災後復原、整建等作為進行規劃與落實。

關鍵字

高層集合住宅；耐震設計原則重點；耐震設計檢視

並列摘要

High-rise residential buildings are expectable products of urbanization, and the utmost concern of building construction is safety. Earthquakes are one of the significant natural disasters in Taiwan, posing as the greatest threat to structural safety. According to our encounters with seismic attacks and current situations in Taiwan, however, we find that the architecture industry as a whole is entertaining many misconceptions. This study therefore focuses on the aseismatic design of high-rise residential buildings in Taiwan. Through theoretic exploration and review of major seismic disasters, it identifies aseismatic design principles and focuses and examines the approaches and effects of aseismatic design of typical high-rise residential buildings in Taiwan. Baesd on the overall findings, it then presents the conclusions and recommendations. This study employs the “heuristic structure theory” for the manipulation. Through domain definition, problem breakdown, factor extraction and induction, it presents its findings, conclusions and recommendations. Research subjects include structural design, aseismatic principle, shape, structural material, structural reinforcement and major domestic and international seismic disasters. This paper comprises 5 chapters, including: Chapter One Introduction, Chapter Two Literature Review, Chapter Three Exploration of Aseismatic Design Principles and Focuses, Chapter Four Review and Analysis of Aseismatic Design Cases, and Chapter Five Conclusions and Recommendations. In factor extraction, the following aseismatic design inspection principles and focuses are identified: 1. Inspection of the gravity center and rigidity center (examination of eccentricity); 2. Inspection of rigid balance and rigidity; 3. Inspection of structural adjustment; 4. Aseismatic component layout; 5. Inspection of basement; 6. Inspection of detail design and construction. Research findings lead to three conclusions: 1. Correct aseismatic building design concepts are important foundations of building safety. 2. The aseismatic effect of well-balanced structural design is multiplicative. 3. Aseismatic design and construction experience of high-rise residential buildings in Taiwan. Following the conclusions, two recommendations are proposed: 1. The opinions and professional insights of concerned individuals must be incorporated in structural design during the planning stage. 2. The government and professionals shall be responsible for the planing and implementation of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction.