道路生態工法應用於宜蘭地區生物遷徙模擬及離島留鳥種數研究

Road Ecology Applied to Animal Migration Path Simulation and the Number of Resident Bird Species on Small Islands

陳藝方(Yi-Fang Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳偉堯

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2009.00536

摘要

隨著科技日新月異的進步，四通八達的鐵路與公路路網帶來了經濟發展與地方繁榮，但也對自然生態與環境景觀造成相當程度的破壞與衝擊。道路長度的快速拓展，對原有生態環境產生衝擊，迫使棲地型態改變，進而壓縮生物棲息地，造成棲地零碎化、動物活動空間被剝削，導致生態環境維繫難度增加，引發生態環境間的供需不平衡，為抵抗環境變遷，造成生物的遷徙發生。
有鑑於此，本研究以經鐵公路穿越而達棲地零碎化條件的宜蘭地區作為研究範圍，利用GIS軟體的路網分析模組，透過網格方式的資料前處理，模擬生物在鐵路高架化與否之蘭陽溪口水鳥保護區及雙連埤野生動物保護區間的最小成本遷徙路徑，模擬結果發現，廊道與鐵路高架化段可在生物遷徙時，提供穿越中繼點，避免Roadkill的發生。另就台灣週遭海域之小型離島(台灣、沖繩、金門、澎湖、綠島、蘭嶼、馬祖及小琉球)為研究區域，藉生物多樣性指標公式，分析道路密度和留鳥物種數目之間的關係，除驗證道路密度的增加會造成留鳥種數的降低外，發現生物多樣性在未考慮島嶼先天環境差異下，推估留鳥數會產生與實際留鳥數相左情形。以上兩項所得之研究結果可進而作為彌補因工程建設而導致生態功能或生態價值損害地區之評估基準及日後交通建設的規劃參考。

關鍵字

生物遷徙 ； IDRISI ； 道路生態 ； 生物多樣性

並列摘要

Transportation construction such as railroad and road network brings about development and prosperity which are necessary to human, but also creates destruction and long-lasting impact to the ecology and environment. The fragmentation of habitat resulting from road expansion could change animal behaviors and even drive them to extinction. The great majority of animals need integral habitats for feeding and reproducing. The transportation corridors and road networks make this impossible and this is worrisome to experts.
This study evaluates wild animals’ possible habitats and uses the network analysis capability of the Geographical Information System (GIS) to simulate an “animal migration path.” The path takes into account many factors that will hinder the movement of wild animals between habitats. Activities of special concern are the construction of highways and railroads. The model system will attempt to determine the best route to cross the existing roadways and railroads for local small mammals. The animal migration path is based on the least cost principal and uses 25m by 25m cells as the basic units of analysis.
This study also evaluates the impact of road density on small islands (Kinmen, Penghu, Green Island, etc.) surrounding Taiwan. Using the number of resident bird species as an indicator, this study investigates the relation between road density and biodiversity. The results may reveal the influence of road construction on environmental changes.

並列關鍵字

Animal Migration ； IDRISI ； Road Ecology ； Biodiversity

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