揮發性有機物設備元件逸散排放特性及其管制措施之研究

Characteristics of VOC Leakage Emission from Equipment Components with Management Strategies

朱靜如(Ching-Ju Chu)

指導教授 ： 章裕民

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2009.00599

摘要

本研究係針對北部空品區之某市石化業，採實驗室模擬現場儲槽之主要設備元件量測VOCs洩漏排放率，以及選擇一家具代表性污染源（甲工廠）進行實場VOCs洩漏排放率量測，將兩者所得之結果相互比對驗證並擬定相關管制方案，瞭解製程中設備元件（閥與法蘭）VOCs洩漏逸散之本土化排放係數。
由本研究結果發現，設備元件(閥)在流動系統質量流率試驗方面，監測無鉛汽油（92、95及98）、苯、甲苯、二甲苯及乙苯等七種物料在不同質量流率的條件下，其設備元件(球閥)逐時逸散濃度之關係，結果均顯示設備元件洩漏濃度會隨質量流率增加而改變。其對於無鉛汽油等七種屬性類似的VOCs，閥元件的本土化洩漏排放係數建議值為：在物料流動下約為7.1×10-4~7.6×10-4(-)，此值與閥的尺寸無關，但與開度有關，當開度愈大時，排放係數會較小，而在物料非流動下則為1.8×10-5(1/hr)。另於法蘭元件的本土化VOCs洩漏排放係數建議值為：在物料流動下約為2.1×10-2(-)，而在物料非流動下則為3.0×10-5(1/hr)。
因此，若以全市約使用4,000個閥件及7,000個法蘭，則該兩種設備元件所洩漏逸散的VOCs最大量約19.63噸/年，最小量約2.15噸/年，平均每年約9.92噸。由本研究結果可知，國內現行的VOCs管制工作偏重於管道排放之清查，致使業者常因管道濃度符合法規而疏忽因逸散的管制工作，由於其他設備元件(如泵浦、壓縮機、取樣接頭系統等)仍無本土化排放係數。故建議妥善的VOCs管制工作，地方政府仍宜再加強並落實管件洩漏的管制與查核措施。

關鍵字

設備元件 ； 閥 ； 閥蘭 ； 臭氧 ； 洩漏 ； 揮發性有機物

並列摘要

From the air quality monitoring data as performed in recent years, it can be seen that the ozone content in northern Taiwan has gradual increase year after year; therefore, the precursor VOCs for the generation of ozone should be improved in faster way so as to reduce the contamination of ozone, and of course, ozone is the current key focus of the air pollution control.
In order to improve air quality effectively, certain petrochemical supplier in the air quality area in northern Taiwan is taken as target for lab simulation of the main equipment and device of the on-site storage tank for the measurement of leak rate of VOCs; meanwhile, one representative pollution source (Ja factories) is selected to perform on-site leak rate measurement of VOCs; the results obtained from both will be compared and verified to each other so as to understand the volatile organic compound leak status in the equipment and device of the process and to prepare related control project; it is hoped that through the implementation of economically inspired system, the petrochemical suppliers can add or improve the efficiency of pollution control equipment so as to achieve the purpose of the reduction of pollution release.

From the research result of this study, it can be seen that, in the mass flow rate test of the flow system of the equipment device (valve) and when seven materials such as: lead-free gasoline, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., are monitored under different mass flow rate, for the equipment device (ball valve) hour leak rate relation, the results all show that the equipment device leak concentration will rise along with mass flow rate. For seven similar attribute VOCs such as lead-free gasoline, the suggested value of release coefficient of the valve is: under the flow of the material, it is about 7.1×10-4~7.6×10-4(-), and under the non-flow condition of the material, it is 1.8×10-5(1/hr). Meanwhile, the suggested value of release coefficient in the flange is: under the flow of the material, it is about 2.1×10-2(-),and under the non-flow condition of the material, it is 3.0×10-5(1/hr).
If only three factories of ja, Yi and Bin are taken as the main enterprises under control in that city, then the annual leaked VOCs due to two devices of valve and flange reach a maximum of 5.11 tons/year and a minimum of 0.51 tons/year, that is, an annual average of about 2.81 tons. If 4,000 valves and 7,000 flanges are used in the entire city, then the leaked VOCs caused by those two devices reach a maximum of 19.63 tons/year and minimum of 2.15 tons/year, that is, an average of 9.92 tons per year.
It can be seen from this study that the current domestic VOCs control focuses on the checking of pipeline release, hence, many suppliers neglect the leak control because the pipeline concentration can usually meet the regulation; principally speaking, for VOCs material, from the storage in the source, transport to process, to the final release through the pipeline, about 90% is dissipated due to volatility (due to the volatile nature); for other equipment and device (for example, pump, compressor and sampling connector system, etc.), since there is still no localized release coefficient and there is no complete VOCs release database for the device due to leak in the city and county organizations, hence , there is a leak of perfect VOCs control work (including release list, reasonability of the air pollution charge, and the reduction and control on O3); therefore, fore perfect VOCs control to be achieved, it is suggested that the local government should reinforce and implement the control and audit of the leak of the pipeline fittings.

並列關鍵字

Equipment and device ； valve ； flange ； ozone ； leak ； volatile organic compound

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