台灣常見的建築生產模式,幾乎都是以建設公司經營為主,其生產的的模式千篇一律,購屋者只有「選擇權」而無「主導權」。參與式設計是以使用者為導向的建築生產模式,提供住戶掌控自身生活空間的權力,避免建設公司、建築專業的獨斷;住戶經由營造設計的參與過程,塑造環境的意義並產生認同感。參與式設計,提供一個有共同生活願景的人們機會,去實現實現他們理想的生活空間;雖然參與式設計實現人們對生活環境的願景,但目前國內卻少有成功之案例,實例操作的研究探討更是僅見片段,讓人難以瞭解國內參與式設計之現況,更難以提供出一套操作模式的參考典範。 本研究以本人所參與之「東華大學同仁安居計畫」住宅設計為研究對象,從建築師、住戶(業主)、籌委會等互動過程,描繪出參與式設計之實際狀況,並將過程中相關課題及問題整理分析,最後以建築專業參與者之角度,提出幾點改善方案。 最後總和結論:一、彼此的尊重與溝通為參與式設計的基本條件;二、專業應作為有力的工作伙伴而非利益的對立關係;三、健全公平的規則是計畫執行的重要基礎;四、溝通的過程使用者僅依有限的建築語言對話(諸如機能式之平 面常識等),立面美學領域則全由建築師決定;五、平面之設計溝通常會回歸原 點;六、初步設計階段常跳躍式的進入細部建材的討論。
As the development patterns of the Taiwan local housing, the buyers are only having the “ Right to Choose “, but not the “ Right to Determine “. The format of the “attendance design” will offer the power for the dweller to control the living space, avoid the monopoly from the builder/developer as well as the professional, but also provides a common understanding for the created environment through the dweller’s participation in the design build process. Such format also offers an opportunity for those, who wish to fulfill their ideal living space. As at the present time, there are few domestic models which could be offered as for further understanding as well as for the operational study. The author is using the NTHU Detached-faculty Housing Project, which she has been participating, as for the case study. From the integration between the architects, the Dweller (Owner) and the Steering Committee, it is visualized the actual “ Design with the User’s Participation” situation. And with the author’s expertise and also as the participant, the author analyzes the problems, and offers an alternative for the improvement opportunity. The fundamental findings: 1) Mutual respect & communication, 2) Working partnership, not conflict relationship, 3) Fairness is the principle of practice, 4) Using limited terminology with better understanding, 5) Avoid two dimensional presentation, adopt 3-D instead, 6) Avoid detailed discussion in the Schematic Phase.
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