TQM、環境管理與組織績效關係之研究

THE RESEARCH OF THE RELATION OF TQM, ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE

凌遠芳(Y.F. Ling)

指導教授 ： 湯玲郎 博士

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2001年)

摘要

TQM、環境管理與組織績效關係之研究
研究生：凌遠芳 指導教授：湯玲郎 博士
元智大學管理研究所
摘要
在經濟成長與環境保護的平衡下，TQM扮演之角色除了品質管理帶來良好的產品品質外，尚需注意到生產所造成環境的污染問題，因此企業除了致力於生產品質優良之產品照顧到利益關係人(Stakeholder )尚需關心到利害團體(Interested parties) 之反應。本研究之目的除了調查台灣企業、組織實施TQM的模式以及實施環境管理的程度與活動外，尚包括組織實施TQM、環境管理對企業組織績效的影響之探討。
TQM營運的重點主要放在利益關係人，在滿足顧客、股東以及員工的需求，而環境管理則主要針對於企業的利害關係者，即對組織環境之績效關切或受其影響的個人或團體，如供應商及社會大眾等的需求。因此，企業要同時滿足所有的人並追求更高的利潤與績效實為企業永續經營之道。
本文中詳細探討TQM模式及其模式中的「系統」，如國際標準ISO 9001：2000、QS9000與TL9000之品質管理系統，以及方針管理、機能/功能別管理、日常管理作為基礎之管理。環境管理則以ISO 14000系列標準為範圍，原則上依照環境管理之目的分為「組織評估」包括環境管理系統、環境績效評估、環境稽核與「產品評估」包括生命週期評估、環保標章、產品標準之環境考量面，兩個部份。至於組織績效是將TQM與環境績效合併；即組織或企業實施TQM與環境管理的績效，是以管理績效、操作績效以及營運績效做為衡量組織績效的依據。
本文之完成係經由文獻探討歸納得知TQM與環境管理之實施方式與狀況，及其與組織績效之關係、影響。並以上市�上櫃公司為研究對象，經由問卷調查之方式收集資料、分析並得以驗證。
由問卷調查結果知道，在已推行TQM的企業組織中，絕大部分業者已取得ISO9000認證；除此之外，企業組織推動TQM是以方針管理為其推動系統。在環境管理之模式部份，大部分的企業組織以清潔生產、工業減廢及辦公室環保為主要推動模式。本研究也發現TQM之系統除了ISO 9000 / QS9000 / TL9000、方針管理外，尚需包含環境管理系統，才能滿足利益關係者與利害關係團體之需求。也就是說，環境管理應屬於TQM的一部分。

關鍵字

全面品質管理 ； 環境管理 ； 組織績效

並列摘要

THE RESEARCH OF THE RELATION OF TQM, ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
AND ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE
Student：Yuan-Fang LingAdvisor：Dr. Ling-Lang Tang
Institute of Management of Yuan-Ze University
Abstract
Between the economic growth and environment protection, for making balance, TQM plays double roles - not only creates quality products by good quality assurance management, but also protects the environment from pollution and contamination during production. Therefore, corporations/organizations should produce the quality products to take care the stakeholders who care about the profit and benefit, as well as the interested parties who care about the environmental aspect and impact.
This research is emphasized on the corporations/organizations in Taiwan, especially the models of TQM, the activities and implementation in the corporations/organizations, the effect of TQM, environment management and organization performance study.
The TQM models and its’ systems are detailed studied in this thesis, such as: Oakland, Munro-faure, Gitlow, TI and NEC models. Environmental Management is based on the ISO 14000 family of standards. It includes EPE, EMS, EA, LCA, EL and EAPS. As for the organization performance, it is divided into 3 parts. i.e. business, management and operation performances but focused on the evaluation of environmental related items.
The results of this research are based on the related documentation combined with the questionnaires returned from the public corporations/organizations and data analysis. The steps are: First, targeting on the corporations/organizations that their stocks are in public. Second, sending out the designed questionnaires to the targeted corporations/organizations, then collecting and analyzing the return questionnaires. Third, finding out the relationship and effect among currently executing TQM, environmental management and organization performance in those corporations/organizations to approve the research.
From the questionnaires we learn that among those corporations/organizations that execute TQM, most of them have already obtained ISO9000 Certificate and half of them got ISO 14001 certificate. In addition, they also conduct Policy Management as a system of TQM. As for the tools of TQM, they implemented most activities are SPC, TPM and QCC as well as Cleaner Production, Waste Minimization and Design for Environment. One more finding is that the environmental management system should be a part of TQM.

並列關鍵字

TQM ； ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ； ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE

參考文獻

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