品質無法落實之探討, 以某台資電子製造廠D公司在中國大陸設廠之經驗為例

A CASE STUDY OF QUALITY THAT CANNOT BE EXECUTED

馬超文(Chao-Wen Ma)

指導教授 ： 陳弘信

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本論文研製之目的，主要在探討品質無法落實之研究。自從大陸經濟開放改革已來，由於龐大的勞動人口與廉價的勞工成本使得以製造業起家的台灣企業紛紛的往大陸投資設廠。雖然大陸在這近幾十年來的努力，使得大陸的製造出口上已在國際上獲得世界工廠的美譽。儘管如此，可是大陸的製品卻在品質方面受到國際上嚴重的爭議，原因就在於大陸的產品品質粗略，而且頻頻出問題。過去有相當多的文獻仍在探討有關品質改善的一些活動與方法，例如全面品質管理、6標準差以及品質圈等。但為何這些經典的品質活動與手法在大陸地區的工廠卻無法徹底落實與執行? 有鑑於此，本研究採個案研究的方法從工廠實際執行面來進行探討，主要在了解企業執行產品開發流程中，從設計開發流程管理階段到生產流程管理以及品質管理監控系統等每一個環節的運作情形進行瞭解。除此之外，本研究藉由實際的訪談方式了解大陸地區的勞工與生產管理者對品質觀念的認知與責任感，最後提出本研究的建議，以提供使用者一個參考依照。
本研究實證結果發現，造成品質無法落實的原因有:
1.管理系統與組織運作之規劃不完善，使得水平分工與垂直整合不協調,造成執行效果不彰。
2.未遵循ISO流程進行流程管理，品質資料維護不落實。
3.管理者對品質的認知與責任感缺乏。
4.管理者管理管理能力不足。
5.大陸勞工流動率居高不下。
6.品質專業技術人員分析與解決問題的能力缺乏，企業未建立完善培訓計劃。
7.大陸勞工普遍對品質倫理與價值觀低落，歸咎於企業未建立完善的管理制度與教育訓練。
8.企業過於強調單方面的營業額增加或降低成本，卻忽略兩者並存的重要性。

關鍵字

品質落實 ； ISO 9001品質管理系統 ； 全面品質管理 ； 6標準差 ； 技術品質 ； 產品品質 ； 品質倫理與價值 ； 田口式品質工程

並列摘要

A procedure is is mainly focusing on the study of quality that can not be executed. Since the china marketing has been opened due to the economic reform, which is attractive by the lower-price labor cost and higher-volume labor population for many Taiwanese enterprises (e.g. manufacturers) who came to China for investment in building factories. Recent 10 years with great efforts, it makes China’s product becomes world-class level of manufacturers. Despite of this, it is however that China’s product is controversial on the quality affair. To realize the main reasons of which its quality level becomes inferior. Over past 20 years, there were many literatures in presenting about the activities and methodologies of quality improvement, for instance, which includes Total Quality Management (TQM), Six Sigma and Quality Control Circle (QCC), etc, but how come these that cannot be well executed in factories around China regions? For this observation, this study is to mainly understand the processes by actual observation and investigation in each of stages from Product design development to Production manufacturing assembly to Quality management control through case study methodology. In addition, by face-to-face interviewing with the executed personnel who are truly engaged in production line includes workers and managers in order to understand their perception and responsibility of quality, those are finally expected to provide the valuable suggestion of study, and making a good advice for user reference in the future.
The findings are as follows, which is the reasons of causing the Quality that cannot be well executed :
1. The operational organization is not applicable, which is in the result of an ineffectiveness of horizontal and vvertical operation
2. Disobey the ISO process and uncertainty of quality data maintenance
3. Lack of Manager’s perception and responsibility of quality
4. Lack of Taiwanese managers with good knowledge and competence on management
5. High turn-over rate for Chinese labors
6. Unestablished the quality database
7. Lack of quality ethic and value for Chinese labors
8. Most companies are focusing on Revenue increased or Cost reduction respectively,
but less considering for both together

並列關鍵字

Quality Execution ； ISO 9001 Quality Management System ； Total Quality Management (TQM) ； Six Sigma ； Technical Quality ； Prodcut Quality ； Quality Ethic and Values ； Taguchi quality engineering

參考文獻

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