寺廟與地方聚落之發展—以桃園縣保障宮為例

Temple and the Development of Local Settlement—Take Baozhang Temple of Taoyuan County as an Example

彭慧芬(Hui-Fen Peng)

指導教授 ： 劉阿榮

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

廟宇的形成與聚落發展是密不可分，廟宇既為聚落的信仰中心，亦是地方社會活動的空間。桃園縣觀音鄉「保障宮」主祀媽祖，老廟始建於清咸豐四年（西元1854年），取名「保障宮」是取其「保障天下蒼生」之意，後因道路拓寬而拆除重建，重建後的保障宮堪稱是桃園縣沿海地區外觀最為雄偉的廟宇。保障宮的祭祀圈範圍廣大，包含九個村落，分別是：觀音鄉的草漯村、保障村、富林村、塔腳村、樹林村、廣福村、新坡村以及大園鄉的溪海村及和平村。眾所周知臺灣是一個移民社會，移民們冒險渡海來台拓荒，也帶來了原鄉的宗教信仰，保障宮除了是移民精神的慰藉與寄託，更轉變為移民團結互助的所在，舉凡治安、經濟、交通、教育、娛樂等，皆是透過寺廟推行，一部臺灣史可以說即濃縮在寺廟史中。民主時代選舉競爭激烈，政治人物深知廟宇及地方信徒對選情的影響力，參與當地廟宇宗教活動能獲得選民認同，使寺廟具有政治影響力。另外，寺廟經常形成一地區的市集中心，保障宮周圍有市場、郵局、銀行、警察局、學校、餐飲業及香鋪業，是草漯地區最熱鬧地段，保障宮舉辦重大活動時，更能活絡地方經濟，帶動經濟發展。保障宮所祭祀的多是功在國家、懲奸除惡或伸張正義等堪為後世楷模之神明，建築及雕刻壁畫裝飾皆為忠孝節義之事蹟，廟外之戲台，於節慶酬神還願時亦演出勸人向善、教化人心之故事，廟內也不時有信徒贈閱之善書，有社會教化和文化傳承之功能。本文即以保障宮對地方政治、經濟及社會文教發展的關係為論述重點，並強化其宗教信仰的地位。

關鍵字

寺廟 ； 地方聚落 ； 保障宮 ； 宗教信仰 ； 祭祀圈

並列摘要

The birth of a temple is inseparably tied to development of human settlements. Temples not only serve as religious centers for human settlements, they also provide a venue for local social activities. Located in Guanyin township, Taoyuan county, Baozhang Temple consecrates Mazu. Baozhang Temple was built in the 4th year of Emperor Xianfeng during the Qing Dynasty（1854 AD）; its name " Baozhang " conveyed the expection "To protect all common people of the world." The temple was torn down and reconstructed due to road widening work. The new look earned itself praise as the most majestic temple in the coastal areas of Taoyuan county. The religious sphere of Baozhang Temple is large, including nine villages within the religious sphere. They are Caota village, Baozhang village, Fulin village, Tajiao village, Shulin village, Guangfu village, Xinpo village in Guanyin township and Sihai village, Heping village in Dayuan township. Everyone knows that Taiwan is an immigrant society. The immigrants took adventures and sailed across the sea to come to Taiwan for exploration.They also brought original religious belief. Baozhang Temple is not only the spiritual consolation of migrants , but also transformed into a place where immigrants become united and help each other. Almost every activity such as public security, economy, traffic, education and entertainment is promoted by temples. It can be concluded that the history of a temple is the miniature of the history of Taiwan. In the wake of political deregulation, intense electoral campaigns drew politicians, who were aware of the impact that temples and local believers had on the elections, participated in religious activities fervently. Also, markets and fairs are usually formed aroud temples. Around Baozhang Temple, there are markets, post office, banks, police stations, schools, restaurants and incense shops, making the region the most prosperous and busiest locations of Caota. It helps to vitalize local commerce and promote economic development whenever major religious activities take place. The gods worshipped in Baozhang Temple tend to be figures who had contributions to the country and were the embodiment of justice, with the whole architecture decorated with sculptures and frescos featuring stories of filial piety and righteousness. When it comes to occassions like festivals and tributes rewarding gods, the stage opposite to the temple is the venue for performances publicizing good deeds and spiritual enlighment. Complimentary books preaching good virtues are given away by believers at the temple, functioning as social edification and cultural heritage. This paper focuses on relations between Baozhang Temple and local politics as well as development of economy and social culture, with discussions covering how it strengthens its status as the core of local residents’ religious belief.

並列關鍵字

religious sphere ； temple ； local steelement ； Baozhang Temple ； religious belief

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