桃園縣國民小學高年級學童的父母教養方式對其子女社會能力之影響

Influence of Education Method of Elementary School Senior Graders' Parents towards Their Children's Social Ability in Taoyuan County

張艾君(Ai-Chun Chang)

指導教授 ： 劉宜君

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究旨在暸解桃園縣國小高年級學童的父母教養現況及學童本身的社會能力現況，並探討父母教養對子女社會能力的影響。
本研究採問卷調查法，以桃園縣16所國小之480名高年級學童為施測對象，回收有效問卷422份，所得資料以SPSS統計軟體進行描述性分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及Spearman相關性分析。主要發現如下：
一、桃園縣國小高年級學童之父母多以溫和控制的方式來教養子女。
二、桃園縣國小高年級學童之社會能力中「獨立自主能力」表現最好，「在陌生及公共場合之應對力」最差。
三、兄弟姐妹數不同，父母對子女的回應程度有明顯的差異。
四、父母對子女的回應與要求程度因家庭結構及父母學歷不同有顯著差別。
五、父母學歷與其對子女的教養類型有顯著的相關性。
六、女童的社會能力表現普遍優於男童。
七、家庭結構對學童「在陌生及公共場合之應對力」有顯著影響。
八、父母採「高回應、高要求」的教養方式，子女的社會能力最好；採「低回應、低要求」的教養方式，子女的社會能力最差。

根據以上的研究發現，提出建議如下：
一、對父母的建議：應檢視對子女的接納關懷及要求規範是否足夠、並增加子女獨立面對人群的機會。此外，增進親子關係可減少親子間教養知覺的差異。
二、對教育單位的建議：充實校園專業輔導人力及擴展課後照顧，以幫助因父母教養不足而導致社會能力不良、團體適應不佳之學童。
三、對未來研究之建議：研究對象及背景變項可予擴展，以求多元及豐富性。

關鍵字

國小高年級 ； 父母教養 ； 社會能力

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to understand the education situation of elementary school senior graders’ parents and the social ability situation of these school children in Taoyuan County, and the influence of parents’ education towards the social ability of their children is also discussed.
Questionnaire investigation is adopted in this study. 480 senior graders from 16 elementary schools in Taoyuan County are the study subjects, and 422 copies of valid questionnaires are received. Based on SPSS statistical software, the obtained data is analyzed through descriptive analysis, independent sample-t test, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analysis. The main findings obtained from the analytical result are as follows:
1.Most of the parents of elementary school senior graders in Taoyuan County use gently control method to educate their children.
2.For the social ability of elementary school senior graders in Taoyuan County, “independence ability” scores the highest, while “response in unfamiliar and public occasion” scores the lowest.
3.For parents with different number of sons and daughters, their response towards the children shows significant difference.
4.Parents’ response and requirement towards children show significant difference because of different family structures and parents’ educational levels.
5.Parents’ educational level is significantly related to their education style towards the children.
6.Social ability of girls is generally better than boys’.
7.Family structure has significant influence towards students’ “response in unfamiliar and public occasions”.
8.For parents who select “high response and high requirement” education method, the children’s social ability are the best; for parents who select “low response and low requirement” education method, the children’s social ability are the worst.

Suggestions are proposed according to the findings mentioned above:
1. Suggestions for the parents: Parents should check whether their acceptance, care, requirements, and standard towards children are sufficient or not, and the chance for the children to face the crowd independently should be increased. Besides, improving parent-child relationship could reduce the educational perception difference between parents and children.
2. Suggestions for educational units: Provide solid professional counseling manpower in campus and expand after-class care, so as to help the students who have bad social ability and bad group adaptability because of parents’ insufficient education.
3. Suggestions for future studies: Study subject and background variables could be expanded in an attempt to provide diverse and abundant information.

並列關鍵字

senior grades in elementary school ； parents' education ； social ability

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