少子化催生政策評估之探究

Analysis and Evaluation of Fertility Policy due to Low Birth Rate in Taiwan

邱惠琇(Hui-Hsiu Chiu)

指導教授 ： 陳勁甫

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2013.00079

摘要

1964年後，臺灣地區由於家庭計畫的實施，女性的生育觀念與理想生育數量減少，加之女性教育程度的提高，使得女性對家庭觀念與生育意改變，促使臺灣生育率節節下降，在1984年出生率已低於人口替代水準2.1，已面臨少子化的衝擊；至2010年時已降至0.895為世界生育率最低國家，少子化問題勢必將影響國家總體發展，是故政府將少子化列為「國安問題」，推動一連串的獎勵生育政策。本文針對臺灣的人口政策發展歷程及生育趨勢變化進行探究整理，並歸納出少子化成因，並分析評估政府獎勵生育津貼等政策內容及實施方式。在透過文獻探討、專家學者之訪談及未婚女性以及已婚婦女之兩部分焦點團體訪談後，獲致的研究結果與政策建議為：落實人口政策會報功能；強化家庭觀念及減低家庭養育成本；規劃彈性勞動政策，提升勞動參與率，落實職務輪動措施；提升人力資源品質；健全兒童托育制度；建構兩性平權環境工作環境、友善婚育的社會；重視孩子品格教育養成；建立政策成效評估機制。
關鍵詞：少子化、生育政策、政策評估、催生政策

關鍵字

少子化 ； 生育政策 ； 政策評估 ； 催生政策

並列摘要

After 1964, due to the implementation of the family planning in Taiwan, women's the fertility concept and the ideal number of births decreased, coupled with the higher level of education of women, makes women intended to change the idea of family and fertility, Taiwan's fertility rate has steadily declined in 1984 annual birth rate has fallen below the population replacement level of 2.1, has been faced with the impact of the low birth rate; to 2010 has been reduced to 0.895, the lowest fertility rates in the world, the low birth rate problem is bound to affect the country's overall development, the actual occurrence of the low birth rate as "National Security", promote series of award fertility policy. Taiwan's population policy course of development and fertility trends explore finishing and summarized the minority carrier into and analysis and evaluation of government incentives childbirth allowance policy content and implementation. Through literature, interviews with experts and scholars and unmarried women and married women of the two-part focus groups interviews attainable standard of research results and policy recommendations: the implementation of the population policy will be reported function; strengthen the concept of the family concept and reduce the cost of family upbringing; planning flexibility labor policies to enhance the participation rate of the labor action, the implementation of dynamic measures of job rotation; enhance the quality of human resources; improve the children's care sterile system; constructed the gender affirmative environment work environment, friendly, marriage and child rearing society; emphasis on the child's character education to develop; establishment of policy effectiveness evaluation mechanism.

Keywords: low birth rate, fertility policy, policy evaluation, incentive fertility policy

並列關鍵字

low birth ； fertility policy ； policy evaluation ； rateincentive fertility policy

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