身心障礙者穩定就業服務之探討

Study on the stable employment services of the physically and mentally challenged

張雅琴(Ya-Chin Chang)

指導教授 ： 陳勁甫

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2013.00080

摘要

身心障礙者進入工作職場前三個月內普遍尚在適應階段，且因每人障礙情形不同，部分身心障礙者於工作職場需要較長的適應期，當已就業身心障礙者明白工作內容所需基本技能後或逢支持性就服員退離職場之際，則開始面對工作職場所衍生的各種挑戰，如：人際溝通、福利制度、環境適應等複雜多元問題，因此已就業身心障礙者處於工作職場其支持的長度應是沒有期限的。
就一般受僱者經驗而言，在職場工作前三個月的適應期與通過試用期考核後所面臨的問題複雜性截然不同，職場人事非一成不變，對於工作職務、人際關係的應對技巧需要不斷的學習或旁人的支持。透過訪談歸納出身心障礙者工作適應常見之問題包含：情緒與行為障礙、無法長時間獨立工作、人際溝通障礙、兩性問題、休閒生活安排及僱用條件的改變，另外有一部份是來自於內在主觀的自信低落或過度期待等影響身心障礙者的穩定就業。就政策面來說，「身心障礙者支持性就業服務實施要領」提出的強化穩定就業輔導服務外，假若有25位以上的身心障礙朋友能夠持續穩定就業，相對的可以節省二位支持性就業服務員的成本，如此成本所締造的績效是非常高的。
關鍵字：身心障礙者就業適應、職場深耕、結案追蹤後續支持服務、穩定就業支持

關鍵字

身心障礙者就業適應 ； 職場深耕 ； 結案追蹤後續支持服務 ； 穩定就業支持

並列摘要

The mentally and physically challenged are at the adjustment stage for the first three months when entering employment. Due to their different circumstances, part of them need more time to adjust. When the mentally and physically challenged being employed realize basic ability needed in work or encounter supportive counselors departing from employment, they are starting to face all sorts of derivative challenges in work such as interpersonal communication, welfare system and adjusting circumstances. As a result, the supportive time for the mentally and physically challenged being employed should not be limited.
From the experiences of the general employed, the adjustment stage for the first three months in work and the complicated problems needed to be faced after passing probation assessment are entirely different. Personnel transfers are inevitable. Work contents and skills to improve interpersonal relationship are needed to be supported from others around. From interview, common problems induced from the mentally and physically challenged being employed are as following, emotion and behavior obstacles, not able to work merely by themselves for a long time, interpersonal communication obstacles, gender problems, recreation activity arrangements, and changes of employment conditions. Another problem is from the lack of their inner subjective confidence or from expecting too much, which will have an influence on stable employment.
From the aspect of policy, aside from intensive stable employment counseling services based on the regulations of supportive employment for the mentally and physically challenged, if there are more than 25 mentally and physically challenged people who have stable employment, the cost of two supportive counselors will be saved. The achievement resulting from the cost saving is extremely high.
Keyword：Study on the stable employment services、Stable employment、Employment services of the physically

並列關鍵字

Study on the stable employment services ； Stable employment ； employment services of the physically

參考文獻

林幸臺 (2007). 身心障礙者生涯輔導與轉銜服務. 心理出版社.

陳靜江 (2002). 自然支持在支持性就業之應用情形分析. 特殊教育學報，16，229-260.

闕婉珍 & 陳靜江 (2001). 支持策略在支持性就業中之應用情形與成效分析. 特殊教育學報，15，21-48.

孫瑜華, 張雯惠 & 陳建中 (2011). 智能障礙者從事餐飲工作適應探討. 身心障礙研究，9(3)，165-176.

林宏熾 & 張瑋珊 (2005). 身心障礙者生態觀生涯發展理論之運用與啟示：以智能障礙者職業重建為例. 身心障礙研究，3(2)，88-101.