智障兒母親之照顧者緊張、社會支持與憂鬱的相關性

The Relationship among Caregiver’s Strain, Social Support and Depression of the Mothers with Mental Retarded Children

蔡淑美(Shu-Mei Tsai)

指導教授 ： 王秀紅

高雄醫學大學/護理學院/護理學系研究所/碩士(2003年)

摘要

本研究的目的在探討智障兒童母親，緊張與憂鬱的影響因素及其重要預測因子，並探討變項間的相關性。係採橫斷式、相關性研究設計，以方便取樣的方式，選取高雄市和台中市地區7-12歲智障兒童的母親共127人，使用結構式問卷進行一對一的訪談。研究工具包括：母親的基本屬性資料、智障兒童的基本屬性資料、照顧者緊張量表、社會支持量表以及憂鬱量表五部份。
研究結果顯示，127位智障兒童母親緊張量表平均得分為6.83分，顯示有較高的緊張程度；社會支持量表平均得分為25.52分，顯示本研究對象的社會支持足夠程度不足，而又以情感性支持平均得分最高，資訊性支持平均得分最低；憂鬱量表平均得分為20.82分，顯示本研究對象有輕微程度的憂鬱。此外，社會支持與緊張呈顯著負相關；社會支持與憂鬱呈顯著負相關；緊張與憂鬱呈顯著正相關。經逐步複迴歸分析發現，照顧者緊張與社會支持為智障兒童母親憂鬱的重要預測因子，共可解釋憂鬱的總變異量為49.7﹪。而母親的自覺健康狀況、社會支持、參與照顧的時間與智障兒童的日常生活功能是照顧者緊張的重要預測因子，共可解釋緊張的總變異量為38.4﹪。
本研究結果可作為護理人員瞭解智障兒童母親的緊張與憂鬱情形及其影響因素，未來可提供有效的介入措施，降低母親的緊張及憂鬱程度，進而提昇母親的心理安適狀態。

關鍵字

智障兒童 ； 母親 ； 照顧者緊張 ； 社會支持 ； 憂鬱

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to Caregiver’s strain and depression of mothers with mental retarded children. A cross-sectional and correlational study design was used. A total of 127 subjects were selected from Kaohsiung and Taichung cities by convenience sampling. Instruments included the Demographic Inventory of Mother, Demographic Inventory of Mental Retarded Children, Caregiver Strain Index, Social Support Inventory, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
Results of the study showed that the mean score was 6.83 for the caregiver strain measure, indicating a greater level of strain. The mean score of the social support scale was 25.52, indicating an inadequate level of sufficiency with social support. The highest level of social support reported was the emotional support, with a mean score of 1.69; the lowest score reported was the informational support, with a mean score of 1.46. The mean score of the depression scale was 20.82, indicating mild depression. Social support and strain were found to have a negative correlation. Social support and depression were also found to have a negative correlation. A positive correlation was found between strain and depression. Caregiver strain and social support were major predictors of depression status, which explained 49.7% of variance in depression. Self-reported health status, social support, time of participate in care and activities of daily living were major predictors of strain, which explained 38.4% of variance in strain.
Nursing professionals assisting mothers of mental retarded children with strain, depression and other issues can use these results as guidelines to provide effective interventions in the future. Reducing the strain and depression level, can enhance the mothers’ psychological well-being.
Keywords: mental retarded children, mothers, caregiver strain,
social support, depression.

並列關鍵字

mental retarded children, mothers, caregiver strain

參考文獻

參考文獻

一、中文部分

內政部統計處（2003，3月23日）．台閩地區身心障礙人口數．摘自http://volnet.mio.gov.tw/sowf/05/01.htm

內政部統計處（2000）．台閩地區身心障礙者生活需求調查提要報告．摘自http://www.mio.gov.tw/W3/stat/home.asp

內政部社會司（2002，5月14日）．各類身心障礙之鑑定人員及鑑定方法與工具．摘自http://volnet.moi.gov.tw/sowf/05/06_08.htm