火警探測器,乃火警自動警報設備系統構件中,相當重要之感知元件。其性能良好與否,亦關係著該系統能否發揮其早期偵知火災之功能。然吾人發現,國內現行「消防安全設備檢修申報及作業基準」中,對於偵煙式探測器之煙感度試驗項目,並無明確合格判定範圍值,且加煙動作試驗項目所規定之合格動作時間值,1種、2種、3種分別為30秒、60秒、90秒,亦無法有效做為判定該探測器性能是否良好之準則。 本研究係以國內實務上常用A、B、C廠牌之偵煙式局限型探測器,而其型式為光電型2種探測器作為研究主體,實驗前先以該等廠牌之新品試樣測試結果作為比對之基準,並分由探測器裝置現場採集90年至97年不同裝置時間之A、B廠牌探測器作為試樣,分別進行「加煙動作試驗」及「煙感度試驗」等相關實驗。研究結果發現,偵煙式探測器之煙感度數值,並未隨裝置使用時間之增長而衰退,而在一定範圍內變化其數值;加煙動作時間值則隨裝置使用時間之增長或裝置場所特性,而使其動作時間呈快速作動之趨勢,此一趨勢亦說明偵煙式探測器為何裝置一段時間後會產生火災誤動作之原因。 基於上述研究結果顯示,有關偵煙式探測器性能之合格判定,若藉由煙感度試驗器對其進行感度試驗,並無法有效得知該探測器之良好與否,而經由加煙試驗器對探測器進行加煙動作試驗所得之動作時間值,則不應以其動作時間之上限值,作為合格判定基準,而應以其動作時間之變化率或上、下限值,作為判別其為正常動作亦或有火災誤動作虞慮之基準。
Fire detectors are very important devices in automatic detection systems. It is not appropriate to evaluate the availability of detectors by their smoke actuation time in smoke standard test. The actuation time of standard test is 60seconds for type two, but 20 seconds was found the better criteria for this type of detectors. Smoke actuation test and sensitivity test are always used to evaluate the availability of smoke detectors. The sensitivity of smoke detectors all fit in the required range of sensitivity test for different ages of detectors, so this test cannot be applied to judge the availability of used detectors. A detector, which smoke actuation time is 3 seconds, is judged as a failure detector in a smoke actuation test. The detector should be replaced to avoid the false-alarm in the future when its smoke actuation time less than 3 seconds in the smoke actuation test. The detector can be judged in a good condition when its actuation time is between 4 seconds and 20 seconds for type two smoke detectors in smoke actuation test. This result can be used as the standard for replacing the used detectors in smoke actuation test based on the requirement of smoke detection in fire code.