比較醫療與非醫療機構護理職場霸凌及相關因素

Comparing Nursing Workplace Bullying and Related Factors in Medical and non-Medical Facilities

林莉雯(Li-Wen Lin)

指導教授 ： 莊昭華

長榮大學/健康科學學院/護理學系(所)/碩士(2016年)

摘要

背景: 護理職場霸凌是普遍存在的現象，更因各種場域特性不同，可能有所差異。
目的：比較醫療與非醫療機構護理人員職場霸凌及相關因素。
方法：本研究為橫斷式調查研究設計。104年10月至12月透過網路招募台灣地區各個不同護理場域，六個月（含）以上現職護理人員為研究對象。以結構式問卷為工具收集資料，並以SPSS 20.0進行統計分析。
結果：共收集符合本研究條件完整問卷823份。主要研究對象為醫療機構(70.4%)、女性（97.9%）、31-40歲（51.6%），和大學學歷（73.4%）。超過5成已婚並育有子女和無宗教信仰、近9成無在職進修，和約5成年薪51-80萬元。全部參與者職場霸凌得分為48.1（得分百分比40.0）。另外，醫療機構的職場霸凌得分為49.1(得分百分比40.9）和非醫療機構為45.7（得分百分比38.1)。24.5%護理人員在過去六個月中有感受到職場霸凌，而醫療機構（25.9%）高於非醫療機構（21.3%）。病人/家屬/訪客者和同事兩類護理場域霸凌加害對象，在醫療與非醫療機構呈現顯著差異（p <.01）。每週工作時數、婚姻、目前工作年資、平均年薪為霸凌顯著的相關因子（p <.05）。護理職場霸凌經驗與否則和宗教信仰、每週工作時數，和職場進階相關（p <.05）。自覺遭霸凌人員中有72.3%、90.1%、69.3%、82.7%和77.2%對生理、心理、社會、工作意願和工作品質產生負面影響，64.4%出現發洩行為。
結論：職場霸凌仍普遍存在各護理場域，但醫療與非醫療機構霸凌程度及相關因子仍有差異。未來應針對醫療與非醫療機構造成職場霸凌的相關因子，制定適當的支援系統或訂定各種介入措施，以期能有效減低護理職場霸凌的發生，進一步提升護理人員身心健康和提供安全高品質的醫療服務。

關鍵字

醫療機構 ； 非醫療機構 ； 護理 ； 職場 ； 霸凌

並列摘要

Background：Nursing workplace bullying is a common phenomenon. However, it exits different situation of bullying in different settings due to specific characteristics.
Purpose：The purpose of this study is to compare nursing workplace bullying and related factors in medical and non-medical facilities.
Methods：This is a cross-sectional study design. We recruited nurses from different settings have been working more than six months between October 2015 and December 2015 in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information, and data is analyzed with SPSS 20.0.
Results：Total 823 completed questionnaires were collected. Most of the subjects were female (97.9%), 31 to 40 years old (51.6%) with university educational level (73.4%) and from medical setting (70.4%). More than 50% subjects were married with children and without religion. Nearly 90% nurses did not have in-service training and nearly 50% those had 51-80 ten thousand yearly salary. Overall, bullying score (percentage of total score) was 48.1 (40.0). Furthermore, it was 49.1 (40.9) in medical settings and 45.7(38.1) in non- medical settings. In the past six months, self- experienced bullying of nurses working in overall, medical settings, and non-medical settings were 24.5%, 25.9%, and21.3%, respectively. Two kinds of bully, patient / family / visitors and colleagues, showed the significant difference in medical and non-medical settings ( p <.01). Weekly working hours, marital status, current job seniority, and yearly salary were related factors of bullying (p <0.05). The bullying experience of nurses were related with religious, weekly working hours, and clinical ladder level (p <0.05). 72.3%, 90.1%, 69.3%, 82.7%, and 77.2% of nurses with experience of bullying had the negative effects on physiological, psychological, social, working willingness and quality. In addition, 64.4% of them appeared vent behavior.
Conclusions：Bullying is common in all nursing workplace, but there are different level and related factors in medical and non-medical facilities. In future, the appropriate support system or intervention should be provided according different characteristics in medical and non-medical facilities to reduce bullying, and to promote nurses’ health and quality of medical services.

並列關鍵字

Medical facility ； non-medical facility ； nursing ； workplace, bullying

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