隨著戰後嬰兒潮的人口老化及出生率逐年降低,台灣社會逐漸走向人口負成長,甚至邁向高齡化社會,加上家庭型態的轉變,老人與子女同住的比率下降,傾向獨居或僅與配偶同住。政府與民間投資老人住宅以因應老人照顧與居住的問題,但民眾接受度卻不如預期。過去雖有對於老人住宅相關文獻探討,然而結果卻與實際進住者的個人特徵有所差異。本研究以問卷調查台南市50歲以上的民眾對老人住宅進住意願,再者,探討老人個人特徵對於老人住宅進住意願的影響,並加入老人經濟來源變數,以瞭解老人個人特徵與老人住宅進住意願二者之間的關係,是否會因老人經濟來源的不同而產生差異,並探討之間的關聯性。 本研究透過累積logistic分析來確認老人經濟來源與老人住宅進住意願的關聯,為了了解老人個人特徵對於老人住宅進住意願的影響,是否會因為老人經濟來源的不同而有所差異,本研究除了將所有受訪者納入分析之外,再依據經濟來源將樣本分為「非子女奉養者(包含本人和配偶及本人及配偶)」與「子女奉養者」等兩群,分別進行累積logistic分析。納入所有樣本的分析結果顯示,老人住宅進住意願與受訪者的教育程度、子女數、個人每月平均所得收入和老人經濟來源等變數有所關聯。而樣本分群後的研究結果則顯示,老人經濟來源為非子女奉養者(包含本人和配偶及本人及配偶),其個人特徵以年齡愈年輕、教育程度愈高、子女數愈少者,愈傾向進住老人住宅;老人經濟來源為子女奉養者,其個人特徵以教育程度愈低、子女數愈少、個人每月平均所得收入愈低者,愈傾向進住老人住宅。因此本研究認為,在了解老人個人特徵對於老人住宅進住意願的影響時,應同時考量老人經濟來源,也就是說,當老人經濟來源的不同時,傾向進住老人住宅者的個人特徵也有所不同。因此,在探討個人特徵對老人住宅進住意願的影響,若能考慮到老人經濟來源的差異,應能使過去分歧的研究結果獲得解釋。
The Taiwanese society is currently witnessing population aging and population decline, due to the aging of the baby boomer generation and to the below-average birth rate. Coupled with the changes in the pattern of family lifestyle, the elderly in Taiwan now tend to live alone or just with their spouse, rather than with their children. However, the senior housing, as built by the public and private sectors to provide residence and nursing care for the elder people, are still suffering significant vacancy rate so far. In the literature, there are lots of discussions about residents’ individual characteristics of senior housing. But the results do not totally conform to the actual situation in Taiwan. This study attempted to investigate the willingness to move in senior housing for people who are above 50 years old in Tainan city, and figure out the factors of residents’ willingness. Furthermore, the study also tried to find out the relationship between residents’ willingness and their financial resources. Based on contingency table tests and cumulative logistic regression model, we found that there are some relationships between the willingness to live in senior housing and individual characteristics. Moreover, if the responsers are income independent, most of those who tend to move into senior housing are younger, with higher education, and with fewer children. On the contrary, if the responsers’ financial resource is from their children, those who are with lower education, with fewer children, and have lower income, are more likely to reside in senior housing. The above conclusions of this study might explain the ambiguous results in the literature.