同性婚姻，誰來決定？《司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法》立法過程及不同場域／行動者的行動邏輯

2019 年 5 月 17 日，立法院通過了《司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法》，台灣正式成為同性婚姻合法化的國家。對支持者而言，成功立法意味著國家朝著「自由」、「平等」的方向前進。然而，如同其他國家，台灣的同性婚姻立法過程也面對強大的阻力。自 1996 年立法院舉辦第一場同性戀相關主題公聽會起，每當進行與同志議題相關的會議或審議法案時，支持與反對兩方陣營往往動員群眾聚集於院外相互對峙， 2018 年的公投更是社會衝突的高峰。對政治人物而言，要通過這樣具有社會高度爭議的法案，必須面臨極大的政治代價。因此，政治人物在立法過程中，如何對應社會情勢的發展思考立法策略，是台灣同性婚姻成功法制化的關鍵問題。另一方面，在同性婚姻立法的過程中，社會衝突主要來自同志團體與保守派陣營，以及其背後的價值觀差異。雙方所採取的策略除了在立法院內持續地進行遊說施壓，也包含採取立法院外的行動以施壓立法院，如透過集體訴訟策略提出釋憲案件，以及透過公投展現民意與自身的動員能力以施壓立法院。換言之，社會運動不同行動者的行動策略，對政治人物的政治考量以及立法過程有關鍵性的影響力。本研究分為兩個部分，首先是透過訪談和公報紀錄，分析政治場域中的立法委員、行政部門及政黨領袖，在同性婚姻法制化的立法過程中的互動關係，以及其如何進行政治決策。另一部分，則是根據訪談和行動聲明，分別對代表改革派陣營的同志團體及代表保守派的組織分析動員策略、組織模式及如何進行施壓與遊說等政治工作，以描繪同性婚姻立法過程的整體輪廓與機制。

關鍵字

《司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法》；《748施行法》；釋字748 ；同婚合法化；婚姻平權；《多元成家》；社會運動；同志運動；同志；改革派；保守派；立法過程；國會；立法委員

並列摘要

Taiwan’s lawmakers passed the Act for Implementation of J.Y. Interpretation No. 748” on May 17, 2019, making Taiwan become the first Asian country to legalize same sex marriage. This development implied that the country was embarking on a “ and “ path for supporters o f this legislation. However, it also faced obstacles in the process as commonly experienced by other countries in the world. Conflict and confrontation between supporters and opposing sides erupted at each parliamentary review of related acts since the first LGBT+ hearing was held in 1996. Debate reached its peak as the national referendums were proposed in 2018. Passing of such controversial act comes with politicians being cornered to face political risks and costs. Thus, key factors in the legislative strategy applied to corresponding to the social circumstances i n the legislation process es are analyzed herein. Likewise, social confrontations arose between the LGBT+ and conservative organizations. Both sides lobbied and pushed lawmakers to support their proposals, while at the same time took actions outside parliament. For example, judicial interpretations and referendums and more. In a short span, these socially influential actors applied various actions to influence the decisions of politicians. This research first analyzes the interactions and decisions among lawmakers, the bureaucracy, and party leaders in the legislative processes through interviews and official gazettes. Second, the strategies, organizations, and lobbying of both LGBT+ and conservative organizations have been analyzed based on first hand interviews and public claims to provide an overall view and mechanisms involved in the legislative process es of legalizing same sex marriage.

並列關鍵字

“Act for Implementation of J.Y. Interpretation No. 748” ； legalizing same sex marriage, ； marriage equlity ； LGBTQI ； conservative ； parliament ； lawmakers ； legislation process