層層疊疊的少數處境： 在中國女台幹的工作與生活

台灣的製造業自80年代末期出走到中國，至今已累積為數不少的台商與台籍幹部，女性的身影在其中亦不算少見，但是對女台幹的關注始終聚焦於她們情感或社交生活，對工作上的狀況卻甚少著墨。因此本研究目的之一即在於凸顯她們做為跨國女性工作移民的處境與經驗，同時了解她們因為跨國遷移的緣故，在面對中國人以及台灣男人時在國族與性別上都是相對少數的身分，這種身為少數處境又是如何在各方面影響她們的跨國工作與生活經驗。本研究採深度訪談研究法，研究對象為中國珠三角地區製造業中的女性台籍幹部。研究發現女性台籍幹部的處境存著優勢與劣勢並存的張力，她們因為遷移而成為空降主管，地位的上升使她們擁有更大的影響力，但同時也需要面臨下屬的挑戰。在工作上她們在整體員工中屬於國族少數，相對於台籍男幹部又進一步是性別少數，多重少數的處境讓她們生活在其中必須發展出一套角色扮演和劃界的方法用以自保。至於在情感與社交生活方面，國族乍看之下是切割互動對象的基準，將互動對象分成台灣人與中國人之別，然而實際上卻是蘊含生活模式的跨國階級差異在其中作用。她們的單身與孤立絕非僅是自己的選擇，更是這些結構性因素影響之下的結果。

關鍵字

跨國遷移；工作與性別；台商研究；女台幹；少數群體

並列摘要

Taiwan’s manufacturing has moved to China since late 1980s. There are hundreds of thousands Taiwanese work in China nowadays. Among them, there is an increasing number of Taiwanese women. However, existing research on expatriate Taiwanese women in China tend to focus on their social and intimate life. Their migratory intention for work is often neglected. This study is to explore the working experiences of expatriate Taiwanese women in China and the influences of their working life on their social life. I will pay special attention to how the intersections of gender, nationality, and class shape their experiences. By interview 13 Taiwanese female employees who work at factories in Guangzhou, China, this research finds that expatriate Taiwanese women simultaneously locate at superior and subordinated positions in relations to their Chinese and Taiwanese colleagues in China. As expatriate Taiwanese managers in Taiwanese firms, Taiwanese women often have more managerial power than their Chinese colleagues but they are likely to feel gender and national insecurities facing Chinese subordinates. In their relations to Taiwanese male colleagues, they are gender minority in the workplaces. Taiwanese women draw gender, national, and class performances and boundaries to maintain their day-to-day activities and identity in China.