社會主義國家於二十世紀持續參與國際法的創制、解釋與實踐,社會主義觀點影響國際公法發展至深,即使在官派社會主義退場的今日,其影響不僅存在,並且仍持續發揮其力。首先,為驗證此命題之真實性,本研究聚焦人民自決權,以文獻研析、法律史研究及司法實證分析之方法,嘗試從法源論的角度,探究國際法法源之「一般法律原則為文明國家所承認者」在發展過程中,如何因布爾什維克觀點及社會主義國家持續的國際參與而漸次充實。其次,本文透過人民自決權之線性發展過程與重要司法實證,回頭驗證作為國際法主體、致力國際秩序建構的「文明國家」在現代國際法範疇下,確實具有西方基督教理性文明之國家以外的新義。第三,本研究分析社會主義觀點之自決權的特殊性,以及該一致之觀點於去殖民化結束後的自我反挫。最後,本文針對科索沃片面宣布獨立案之諮詢意見,歸納國際法院如何解釋自決權之行使條件,並對於社會主義觀點之法官所堅守之自決限縮要件,提出符合現時時間的批判。
The socialist states of the 20th century have influenced the public international law with their interpretation and practice of the legal principles. Adopting case study, academic resource and legal development history analysis methods, the dissertation, firstly, is to verify the fact that the socialist influence of the general principles of law, specifically the right of people to self-determination as the sole scope of the research, can still be traced, even in the world today where the capitalist school and bourgeois political entities proclaim the “actually existing Marxism” had vanished. Secondly, the thesis is to prove that, after the 1917 Proletarian Revolution and decolonization, the “civilized nations” recognizing the sources of international law do means the legal subjects more than the Western nations of Christianity and Rationalism. Thirdly, the dissertation is to analyze the Bolshevik perspectives on the right to self-determination and its constant, yet setting-back interpretation of the principle in the post-colonial period. Last but not the least, the thesis is to induce the ICJ Advisory Opinion on the terms and limits of self-determination in re Kosovo’s Unilateral Declaration of Independence, and to provide the critical review of the Marxist-Leninist explanation on secession and self-determination.
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