以估測應電勢為主之無位置感測內置式永磁同步馬達驅動系統

ESTIMATED BACK-EMF BASED POSITION SENSORLESS INTERIOR PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVE

李孟寰(Meng-Huan Lee)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本論文旨在開發一應用於冷凍空調系統之馬達驅動系統，其包含一弦波驅動無位置感測內置磁石式永磁同步馬達驅動之壓縮機、一方波驅動表面貼磁式永磁同步馬達驅動之風扇以及一單相升壓型切換式整流器前級由市電建立共通直流鏈電壓，並具有良好之交流入電電力品質。所建驅動系統之三個組成電力電路之全數位控制均由單一共同數位訊號處理器為之。
所建構弦波馬達驅動壓縮機之無位置感測控制器，利用所發展之兩種以內部模式為主反電動勢估測無位置感測方法為之，並進行性能比較評估。至於方波馬達驅動之風扇，其無位置感測控制係以感測之馬達線圈端電壓為之。對於此兩種無位置感測控制之永磁同步馬達驅動系統，均採適當之換相前移以改善不理想控制之驅動性能劣化，尤其在高速運轉情況下。另外，亦考慮較平滑且降低電流之啟動方式。
最後在本文所建構之單相切換式整流器前級方面，其具磁滯電流控制內迴路及外電壓控制迴路。利用簡易之強健控制技巧，改善電流及電壓之控制性能。此外，進一步開發隨機切換策略，應用於固定磁滯帶與正弦磁滯帶之電流控制脈寬調變機構，並由實測觀察其對電流諧波頻譜分散性及切換式整流器之操作性能影響。

關鍵字

永磁同步馬達 ； 壓縮機 ； 風扇 ； 脈寬調變 ； 電流控制 ； 速度控制 ； 無感測控制 ； 換相前移 ； 數位信號處理器 ； 切換式整流器 ； 功因校正 ； 磁滯控制 ； 隨機切換 ； 升壓

並列摘要

This thesis develops a motor drive system for condensing unit applications. The system consists of a position sensorless sinewave excited interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) driven compressor, a square-wave excited surface mounted PMSM (SPMSM) driven fan, and a single-phase boost-type switch mode rectifier (SMR) front end to establish their common DC-link voltage from utility with satisfactory line drawn power quality. All the constituted power stages are fully digitally controlled in a common digital signal processor (DSP).
For the compressor IPMSM drive, two types of sensorless control schemes based on the devised internal model based back-EMF estimators are developed and comparatively evaluated. As to the square-wave SPMSM fan drive, its position sensorless control is conducted based on the sensed motor terminal phase voltage. For these two types of PMSM drives, the proper commutation instant shifts are applied to enhance their driving performances, which may be deteriorated due to non-ideal sensorless controls, particularly under higher speeds. In addition, the smooth starting with less current transient is also considered.
Finally, in the established single-phase boost SMR front-end, it possesses the inner hysteresis current-controlled PWM (H-CCPWM) scheme and outer voltage control loop. The simple robust control approach is applied to yield improved current and voltage control performances. Moreover, various types of the randomly varying bands for the H-CCPWM schemes are proposed, and their effects on the current harmonic spectral spreading characteristics and the SMR operating performance are observed experimentally.

並列關鍵字

Permanent magnet synchronous motor ； compressor ； fan ； pulse-width modulation ； current control ； speed control ； robust control ； sensorless control ； commutation tuning ； digital signal processor ； switch mode rectifier ； power factor correction ； hysteresis control ； random switching ； voltage boosting

參考文獻

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A. Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives

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