基於電壓窄波注入之切換式磁阻馬達無位置感測控制

POSITION SENSORLESS CONTROL OF SWITCHED-RELUCTANCE MOTOR DRIVE BASED ON NARROW VOLTAGE PULSE INJECTION

戴良州(Liang-Jhou Dai)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本論文旨在研製以數位訊號處理器為主具降-升壓切換式整流器前級之無位置感測切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統。為瞭解切換式磁阻馬達之驅動控制關鍵實務，首先設計建構一標準切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統，並實測評估其性能。藉由適當設計之電力電路、感測電路、電流控制脈寬調變機構及動態控制，所建驅動系統具良好之操控特性。接著，建構一降-升壓切換式整流器前級以建立可升壓及具良好調節特性之直流鏈電壓，以改善馬達驅動系統之驅控特性並具良好交流入電品質，文中並實測比較切換式整流器操作於不連續導通模式和連續導通模式下之操控性能。為達控制機構之小型化，以一共通數位訊號處理器實現切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統及其切換式整流器前級之所有數位控制法則。

最後，本文開發基於電壓窄波注入之切換式磁阻馬達無位置感測控制技巧。經由數位訊號處理器內建之脈寬調變通道，注入適當頻率及導通時間之脈波電壓於馬達之非激磁相線圈，由感測之轉子位置調幅波狀線圈電流經訊號處理獲得估測之霍耳訊號。在無位置感測操控上，馬達先以步進馬達方式起動，俟建立適當轉速後，即切換至切換式磁阻馬達操作模式。在速度迴授控制方面，馬達之轉速利用所提之估測機構由感測之四相線圈電流估算得之。此外，應用換相前移技巧以提升無位置感測切換式磁阻馬達之轉矩產生能力，亦即強化共轉矩-安培比。一些實測評估顯示所建構之無位置感測切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統具寬廣速度範圍之良好驅控性能。

關鍵字

切換式磁阻馬達 ； 無位置感測控制 ； 窄波注入 ； 切換式整流器 ； 功因校正 ； 降-升壓轉換器 ； 升壓 ； 電流控制 ； 速度控制 ； 數位訊號處理器

並列摘要

This thesis presents the development of a digital signal processor (DSP) based position sensorless switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive with buck-boost switch-mode rectifier (SMR) front-end. First, for comprehending the key issues in making the SRM driving control, a standard SRM drive is designed, implemented and evaluated. Satisfactory operating characteristics are obtained via properly treating its power circuit, sensing scheme, current controlled PWM switching scheme and dynamic control. Next, to let the developed SRM drive fed from mains have improved operating performance, a buck-boost SMR front-end is employed to establish boostable and well-regulated DC-link voltage with good AC input power quality. The SMRs under both discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and continuous conduction mode (CCM) operations are comparatively evaluated their performances. The SRM drive and SMR front-end are realized in a common DSP to achieve the miniaturization of control environment.

Finally, a novel SRM position sensorless control approach based on narrow pulse voltage injection is developed. The voltage pulses with suited frequency and duration are injected into the unenergized phase winding via the embedded DSP PWM channel. The resulted amplitude modulated winding currents are sensed and signal processed to yield an observed Hall signal. In sensorless control operation, the motor is initially started in stepping motor mode. As the speed is established to a reasonably high value, the operation is changed to switched-reluctance motor mode using the observed Hall signal. And the speed feedback control is conducted using the observed speed, which is obtained from the sensed four winding currents. Moreover, the commutation advanced shift is applied to yield the improved torque generating capability, i.e., the enhanced torque-per-ampere characteristics. The experimental evaluation shows that the developed position sensorless controlled SRM drive possesses good driving performance under a reasonably wide speed range.

並列關鍵字

Switched-reluctance motor ； position sensorless control ； narrow pulse injection ； switch-mode rectifier ； power factor correction ； buck-boost converter ； voltage boosting ； current control ； speed control ； DSP

參考文獻

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