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  • 學位論文

鎳金屬錯合物催化烯類、炔類及有機硼試劑 之分子間與分子內聯繼反應的研究

Nickel-Catalyzed Inter- and Intramolecular Tandem Reactions of Alkenes, Alkynes and Organoboron Reagents

指導教授 : 鄭建鴻
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摘要


本文章主要是利用鎳金屬錯合物催化烯烴分子及有機硼試劑之間的聯繼及環化加成反應的研究,透過金屬催化之聯繼反應,可以快速建構具有高度選擇性的官能化分子骨架,提供有機合成應用上的重要途徑。第一章將著重於鎳金屬催化分子間三分子偶合反應,藉由一鍋化的聯繼加成反應,有效率地將烯酮、炔類與有機硼試劑三種官能基團之分子,進行分子間選擇性偶合反應,將可以得到高位向選擇性的1,3-雙烯衍生物,同樣之催化條件亦可應用至分子內的反應型態。 第二章的主題則是透過修飾烯炔分子的官能基類型,成功的利用鎳金屬錯合物催化非活性之烯炔分子與有機硼酸試劑的聯繼加成反應。藉由改變性質不同之烯類官能基,可以引導硼酸試劑最終之加成位置。反應機構中牽涉到鎳金屬五圓環中間體的選擇性質子化反應,並藉由金屬轉移化反應,罕見的得到有機硼酸試劑加成至雙鍵端之吡咯烷衍生物,其反應機構將在此部分進行研究與探討。 第三章的研究則致力於,鎳金屬錯合物催化含氮烯炔分子之硼酸酯基化環化反應。吡咯烷酮衍生物為大量存在於生物活性分子與藥物前驅物之骨架中,因此我們將透過鎳金屬催化硼酸酯基化環化反應,來提供新穎之硼酸酯基官能基化的吡咯烷酮衍生物合成新方法。 在第四章節則是介紹,透過烯炔分子雙鍵末端修飾官能基的不同,同在鎳金屬催化系統下,得以經由不同之反應途徑來完成分子內的Alder-ene反應與氯原子轉移環化反應。反應則為無需酸性溶劑與添加氯離子試劑的溫和條件下即可進行,分別可得到一系列具有1,4-雙烯官能化與氯原子轉移之吡咯烷衍生物。

並列摘要


This thesis describes nickel-catalyzed tandem reactions of alkenes, alkynes and organoboron reagents. Transition-metal catalyzed tandem reaction is an efficient pathway for constructing functionalized molecular structures which provide considerable options in the application of organic synthesis. In first chapter, we elaborate the highly selective nickel-catalyzed three-component coupling of alkynes with enones and alkenyl boronic acids which affords regio- and stereoselective 1,3-dienes. An intramolecular coupling of enynes with alkenyl boronic acid was also described. In chapter 2, we have developed a nickel-catalyzed tandem cyclization of 1,6-enynes with alkenyl boronic acids which affords a variety of pyrrolidine derivatives. Organoboron reagents proceeded a different chemoselectivity of 1,6-enynes on unusual sp3 carbon results from the protonation on the nucleophilic sp2 carbon of the key nickellacyclopentene intermediate. Chapter 3 describes the nickel-catalyzed borylative cyclization of electron-deficient 1,6-enynes with B2pin2. Pyrrolidones widely exists in the framework of natural products and biological active molecules. This methodology will provide considerable synthetic route for constructing functionalized pyrrolidones. The final chapter focuses on developing two kinds of cycloisomer- ization by means of modified substituents on the alkene-moiety of 1,6-enynes. Variation of substituent has a major impact on the reaction outcome which leads to alder-ene and halo-shift products via different mechanistic pathways. The conditions were acid-free and no additional chloride source which provide a mild route to functionalized pyrrolidines.

參考文獻


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