長期照護機構對家庭之影響探討: 以新竹縣為例

我國從 1997 年至今，老年人口及身心障礙人口逐年增加，而老年人口比例之增加更是讓我國於 2018 年三月正式跨入高齡社會，我國於 2017 年人口數為 2357.1 萬，其中老年人口數 3.268.013 約佔全人口的 13.86%，約略為每七人就有一人為老年人口，身心障礙人口則約占全人口的 4.95%，約略為每二十人就有一人身心障礙人士，但勞動人口約為 1721.1 萬人約佔全人口的 73.02%，而勞動人口中無就業意願之人口數為 518.1 萬約佔全勞動人口的 30.1%，而因為需照顧而無法就業的人口數約為 46 萬人佔全勞動人口的 8.88%，而因需照顧而無法就業之人口數雖已從過去 2005 年之 32.19%降至 2017 年之 8.88%，但也正是因此讓我們必須思考目前的長照服務情況為何，相較於過去的獨自照顧，目前的長照服務是否為照顧者所期望及是否真正的解決了照顧者的問題，本研究藉由自覺快樂指數及經濟、心理、生理、社交等四個層面的自覺壓力分數來做分析。研究結果顯示，對於照顧者目前相較於過去未接受長照服務的自覺快樂指數，只有的社交層面呈現顯著的負相關性，而在於其他數據方面則顯示事人年齡、照顧者年齡、照顧時間至今多久、補助金額、自付費用呈現負相關，而在平均收入與相處時數則呈現正相關。在經濟、心理、生理、社交等四個層面的探討時，經濟層面的探討則顯示出補助款、自費費用、平均收入與經濟層面並未有顯著性相關，心理層面的探討則顯示出與照顧者的教育程度有正相關，生理層面上則無與任何項目顯示任何顯著性，社交層面則顯示出與個案相處的時數、教育程度有顯著的正相關。

關鍵字

長期照護；長照照護機構；家庭照顧者的負荷；照顧者的負荷的改變

並列摘要

Starting from 1997 until now, the population of elders and disabled gradually increased one year after the other; the increasing proportion of elders enabled Taiwan to step into the Aging Society in March 2018 officially. The population in Taiwan in 2017 is 23.571 million, and the elderly population of 3.268013 million accounts for 13.86% of the total population; it is approximately one elder per seven people. The disabled population accounts for 4.95% of the total population, about one disabled per 20 people. Still, the labor force population is about 17.211 million, accounts for 73.02% of the total population, 5.181 million of them which is about 30.1% of the total labor force population do not have employment willingness; The people can’t work when looking after some other people is about 0.46 million and occupies 8.88% of total labor force population. Despite the number of people who need to take care of some other people and can’t work themselves dropped from 32.19% in 2005 to 8.88% in 2017, this is exactly the moment we need to think about the current status for the long-term caring service, comparing what we did before as caring all alone, whether the long-term caring service we have today fulfilling the demand and really resolve the issue which needs a long-term caring service. The study analyzes the perceived- happiness index and perceived pressure score in four levels - economics, psychological, physical, and social The results of the analysis indicate that care provider’s perceived happiness index shows a significant negative correlation only at the social level comparing with what they did before without the long-term caring service. The indication for some other information and the numbers shows the age of the person who needs to be taken care of, the age of care provider, how long the care service has been providing, the subsidized amount, deductible indicate the negative coefficient. Still, the average income and hours of getting along with each other indicate a positive coefficient. The exploration and discussion were conducted in four levels of economics, psychological, physical, and social; in economics, it indicates the subsidized amount, deductible, average income did not have significant relevance; in psychological level, it indicates that It has a positive correlation with care providers education degree; in the physical level, it indicates nothing has anything to do with something else; and in social level, it indicates the significant positive correlation to the hour spent with the case and education degree.