全年無休組織排班問題研究-以半導體晶圓廠設備人員排班為例

Research on The On Duty Problem of All Year Round Organizing - Take The Scheduling of Equipment Personnel in a Semiconductor Fab as an Example

陳禹佑(Yu-Yu Chen)

指導教授 ： 張國浩

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2021年)

摘要

即便現今科技發展已非常進步，但仍有許多工作是無法藉由流程簡化的設計或是設備自動化的方式來取代的。這些行業可能因工作內容的中斷，會造成人員傷亡或是公司重大損失，所以為維持這類組織或公司能24小時全年無休的運作，人員排班成為這些行業需面臨的重要課題。”半導體晶圓廠設備人員排班”便是在台灣科技製造業興起後，成為每家科技公司在提升產品良率以及增加出貨量上所必須面對的問題。它需遵守勞動基準法（勞基法）所規定的眾多限制，例如：每日工作時數限制、每月工作時數限制以及不得違反連續工作天數限制……等眾多法規限制。此外，亦需滿足該公司或是組織內部訂立的工作限制，例如：每班需要某層級以上的資深人員做為領導、各種輪值班別（常日值班、小夜值班、大夜值班、假日日班、假日夜班……等班別）以及各種休假被分配到的天數之公平性，故此問題被視為高複雜度的整數規劃與排列組合的搜尋問題。
為滿足各行各業的人員排班問題之公平性，本研究將此類問題以整數規劃法來進行求解，並以台灣某晶圓代工製造大廠的其中一個廠區的某工程部門所屬設備課為個案來進行研究。本研究討論的排班期為兩季（2020年的Q2、Q3），大於一般以週或是月為排班期之研究方式，並考慮到此個案所需使用到的多種輪值班別，目標解為滿足法規以及該單位內規，故此問題極為複雜。為有效並快速求解此多人數排班問題，有別於過去大部份對於人員排班問題多以兩階段式求解，本研究設計以一階段求解方式來取得最終排班結果，並利用現今較廣泛使用的程式語言python（3.8.5）進行撰寫並搭配求解套件gurobipy，測試環境則為Windows 10作業系統、1.8G Hz處理器速度、8G記憶體，在得到求解數據後再將電腦運算排班與原人為手動排班之結果做比較。經測試後，電腦運算在執行排班的速度上遠比人為手動來的快速且正確，而在設備人員總休假天數分配的指標數據（全距、標準差、變異係數）上的表現也比人為手動差距小，符合預期的讓設備人員總休假天數平均分配的公平性。總結：電腦運算排班在執行速度上和讓設備人員休假天數平均分配的公平性皆優於人為手動排班的方式。

關鍵字

人員排班 ； 晶圓廠設備人員 ； 公平性排班 ； 全年無休 ； 整數規劃法

並列摘要

Even with the advancement of technology today, there are still many jobs that can’t be replaced by simplified process design or equipment automation. These industries may cause casualties or major company losses due to the interruption of work content. Therefore, in order to maintain such organizations or companies to operate 24 hours a day, personnel scheduling has become an important issue for these industries. "Semiconductor fab equipment personnel scheduling" has become a problem that every technology company must face in improving product yield and increasing shipments after the rise of Taiwan's technology manufacturing industry. It needs to comply with many restrictions stipulated by the Labor Standards Law (Labor Standards Law), such as: daily working hours limit, weekly working hours limit, monthly working hours limit, and not to violate the continuous working days limit... etc. Legal restrictions. In addition, it is also necessary to meet the work restrictions established by the company or organization. For example, each class needs to have several senior personnel at a certain level or above as the leader of the class. Various types of shifts (normal duty, night duty) , Night shifts, holiday day shifts, holiday night shifts... etc.) and the fairness of the number of days allocated to various vacations, which makes the personnel scheduling problem more complicated, so this problem is regarded as a highly complex The search problem of integer programming and permutation and combination.
In order to meet the fairness of personnel scheduling problems in all walks of life, this research uses integer programming to solve such problems, and uses the equipment department of a certain engineering department of a large foundry manufacturing plant in Taiwan. Research for the case. The scheduling period discussed in this research is two seasons (Q2 and Q3 in 2020), which is larger than the research method that usually uses weekly or monthly schedules. Taking into account the various types of shifts used in this case, the goal is The solution is to meet the regulations and the internal regulations of the unit, so the problem is extremely complicated. In order to effectively and quickly solve this multi-person scheduling problem, unlike most of the past, the personnel scheduling problem was solved in two stages. This research design uses a one-stage solution method to obtain the final scheduling result, and uses the current comparison. The widely used programming language python (3.8.5) is used for writing and the solution package gurobipy is used. The test environment is Windows 10 operating system, 1.8G Hz processor speed, 8G memory, after obtaining the solution data, compare the results of the computer operation scheduling with the original manual scheduling. After testing, computer calculations are far faster and more accurate than manual scheduling, and the performance of the indicator data (full distance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation) allocated by the total number of vacation days of equipment personnel is also better than that of manual operation. The manual gap is small, which is in line with the expected fairness of the equitable distribution of the total number of vacation days for equipment personnel. Summary: The execution speed of computer operation scheduling and the fairness of the average distribution of vacation days for equipment personnel are better than manual scheduling.

並列關鍵字

personnel scheduling ； fab equipment personnel ； fair scheduling ； all year round ； integer planning method

參考文獻

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