「實」類副詞的歷時研究

本文主題是「實」類副詞的歷史演變。本文以「實」和「實」類複合詞為探討對象，探究從「實」到「實」類複合詞的發展過程，藉由歷史語料的追蹤，梳理其虛化和詞匯化過程，並說明其語法功能和特色。本文分為三大部分，第一部分是「實」的歷史發展，藉由副詞虛化、主觀化的理論探討「實」的歷史發展。第二部分是「實」類複合詞的詞匯化，依序探究「其實、實在、委實、著實、確實」等詞的詞匯化過程。第三部分是「實」類副詞的特性討論，藉由語義、語用功能和極性偏向等理論探討「實」類副詞的特性比較。本文在前人的理論架構下，先探究副詞「實」的歷史變遷，再納入「實」類複合詞的詞匯化，了解「實」類副詞在歷史中的發展脈絡，望能管窺此類副詞在漢語句法體系中的作用及地位。

關鍵字

語氣副詞；虛化；詞匯化；主觀化；語用學；正／負極性

並列摘要

The topic of this article is the history of adverbs “Shi” and the compounds composed of “Shi”. This article takes “Shi” and its compound words as the main object, and aims to explore the development and functions of them. With historical corpora and data, this article sorts out the grammaticalization and lexicalization of “Shi” and its compounds, and explains their grammatical functions and features. This article is divided into three parts. The first part is the historical development of “Shi”, including semantic extension, grammaticalization, classification of mood adverbs, and subjectivisation. The second part is the lexicalization of compounds of “Shi”, such as “Qishi, Shizai, Weishi, Zuoshi, Queshi, Shishishang, and Shijishang”. The third part discusses the characteristics of these compounds, through theories of semantics, pragmatics, and positive/negative polarity. Based on the theories and findings of past researches, this article hopes to make a thorough research on the historical changes of the adverb “Shi” and its compound words, and then analyzes the main function and status of them in Chinese syntactic system.