北宋四家詩之議論性研究

本論文主要從議論的角度重新探究北宋詩歌的發展趨向與美學風貌，以歐陽修、王安石、蘇軾、黃庭堅之詩歌為討論重心。藉由北宋四家詩之議論性的探討，揭示其創作實踐乃有別於傳統抒情詩之書寫特質。　　本文包括緒論、結論共闢七章。首先，梳理宋前詩歌的議論傳統，包含《詩經》的議論模式、玄言詩的表述方式、樂府及詠史詩的敘論關係，以及杜甫詩的議論特色，在內容要素與語言操作上奠定了宋詩議論的基礎。　　其次，分章探究北宋四家詩的議論書寫：歐陽修詩側重於不朽的思辨，以及借物立論的人文意義，並運用以文為詩的策略，開拓詩歌議論化的空間；王安石詩展現獨特的政治思維模式，並在歷史論斷中表現個人的志意，透過翻案、一題多寫等手法，呈現多元的議論層次；蘇軾詩以文學筆法表述政治異議，評斷歷史兼具當代意義，並成為進退出處之參照，亦在記遊、書畫題材中富涵人生哲理，使詩歌有其知性與趣味；黃庭堅詩的議政不強諫爭於廷，強調人材包新舊，並將論述重點轉向個人修為，反覆探究生命價值的抉擇與典範之追求。黃庭堅藉由次韻、酬答的戲作重新界定詩歌寫作之源，使作品能涵蓋理性思維、文人抱負與書卷才氣，議論性的宋詩亦富有文學性的價值。　　綜言之，本文從題材、形式的選擇乃至寫法、風格的呈現，以探究北宋四家詩之議論性，其目的在於使傳統抒情詩學下被忽略、排斥的「宋調」作品，能有「詩亦可以如是」的詮釋空間與意義。

關鍵字

宋詩；議論性；歐陽修；王安石；蘇軾；黃庭堅

並列摘要

This study aimed to re-discuss the development trends and aesthetic manifestations of the Northern Song Dynasty poetry from a argumentative point of view by focusing the discussion on poems of Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian to unveil the unique writing characteristics in their creation and practice of poetry, which differed from those applied in traditional lyric poetry, through analysis of the argumentative nature of the four greatest poets’ poems in Northern Song Dynasty. 　　The study consists of seven chapters including introduction and conclusion. The first section systematized the argumentativ traditions of poetry before the Song dynasty, which included the argumentativ style of the Book of Odes (also known as ‘Shijing’) , the expressing manner of metaphysical poetry, the descriptive relationship between Yuefu poems and history poems as well as the argumentativ characteristics of Du fu’s poems. These argumentativ traditions had formed the foundation of argumentativ techniques of Song Dynasty poetry in terms of content elements and linguistic manipulation. 　　Next, the discussions of the argumentativ writings of the four schools of poetry during Northern Song Dynasty are carried out in different chapters: Ouyang Xiu’s poems aimed attention at the significance of humanities by means of the analysis of eternity and the argumentation through objects and matters. He also utilized the strategy of ‘prose poetry’ to extend the space for poetic argumentation. Wang Anshi’s poems manifested a unique political frame of mind and expressed his own aspirations in historical judgement, in which diversified levels of argumentation were demonstrated through techniques such as presenting reversed views on historical events and elaborating one topic in different ways. Su Shi’s poems imparted political dissent in a literary manner, and the historical judgment revealed in which also carried a contemporary significance and had become reference for advancing or retreating. He also disclosed rich philosophy of life in his travel literature, calligraphy and painting art, which added sense and enjoyability to his poems. The political arguments of Huang Tingjian were not expressed in an assertive and explicit way but in an implicit style which emphasized that old and new personnel should be included in the government workforce. In addition, he shifted the focus of arguments to personal cultivation and repeatedly explored the choices of one's life values and pursuits of paragons. With the light literature of ‘rhyme-following’ that replied to a poem in the same rhyme and other response poems, the sources of poetic writings were redefined, which enabled his work to demonstrate rational thinking, scholar aspirations and literary talent and to bestow literary value upon argumentativ Song Dynasty poems. 　　In a word, this study explored the argumentative nature of the four greatest poets’ poems in Northern Song Dynasty from their choice of topics and formats as well as demonstration styles with the aim of providing the neglected and rejected Song Poetry's Style from traditional lyric poetry with room and value for interpretation via its findings proving that ‘poems can be like this’.