論漢語中的量化標記「各自」之語意特性

本文旨在描述普通話量化標記「各自」的語意特性。在前人研究當中，這一量化標記被認為是分指標記（distributive marker）並引發「分指解釋」（distributive reading）。例如，普通話「這九位調音師各自修理了一台鋼琴」當且僅當「每一位調音師都修理了一台鋼琴」時為真。然而，在本文中，我提出「各自」還存在另一種「一一對應解釋」（one-on-one branching reading）。例如，普通話「這九位調音師各自修理了九台鋼琴」可以表達「一共有九台鋼琴，每一位調音師都修理了其中一台鋼琴」的情景。此前的研究對上述情況鮮有提及。本文的理論貢獻即是對「各自」的「分指」用法和「一一對應」用法進行整合分析。我延用了Hsieh (2019) 對另一普通話量化副詞「各」的分析，他的分析基於Kratzer （2008）的事件語意學，Cable (2014) 以及Balusu (2006) 的「事件隔斷」（event partition）理論。此外，我還結合了Eckardt (2001) 對於德語「selbst」的分析，分析認為作為狀語的「selbst」表示為「本身函數」（identity function）並且始終為焦點（focus）。上述分析綜合起來構成了「各自」的語意貢獻。

關鍵字

分配；量化標記；各自；事件語意學

並列摘要

The goal of this thesis is to provide a proper characterization of the semantic contribution of the quantificational adverb gezi in Mandarin. In the previous research, this quantificational adverb has been taken to be a distributive marker and gives rise to a so-called ‘distributive reading’; for instance, the Mandarin counterpart of these nine tuners gezi repaired one pianos is true iff each of the tuners repaired one piano. Nevertheless, in this thesis, I report that there are some cases in which gezi gives rise to a one-on-one branching reading; for instance, the Mandarin counterpart of these nine tuners gezi repaired these nine pianos may be uttered to report a scenario in which each of the 9 tuners repaired one piano, and therefore there are 9 pianos repaired in total. The view from the previous research, as I show in this thesis, fails to account for the use of gezi in such cases. The theoretical contribution of this thesis hence is a uniform analysis of the distributive use and the one-to-one branching use of gezi. I extend Hsieh’s (2019) analysis for another Mandarin quantificationa adverb ge, which is built on the event semantics in Kratzer (2008) and Cable (2014) and the idea of ‘event partition’ suggested by Balusu (2006). This analysis, together with Eckardt’s (2001) idea on German selbst, according to which selbst with its adverbial use denotes the identity function and is always in focus, fully characterizes the semantic contribution of gezi.