具可變壓直流鏈及容錯能力之電動車永磁同步馬達驅動系統

AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVE WITH VARIED-VOLTAGE DC-LINK AND FAULT-TOLERANT CAPABILITIES

吳聖凱(Sheng-Kai Wu)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系所/碩士(2020年)

摘要

本論文旨在開發一具可變壓直流鏈及容錯能力之電動車永磁同步馬達驅動系統，於閒置模式中，其可執行能源收集及聯網操作。馬達驅動系統之直流鏈電壓，由蓄電池經雙向全橋式直流/直流介面轉換器供給，其可低於或高於電池電壓，藉以提高能量轉換效率。而全橋式轉換器亦與一升/降壓轉換器並聯，使其具容錯能力，當馬達於直流鏈電壓高於電池電壓之速度區間時，可自動以兩臂形成交錯式介面轉換器。另外，超電容經單臂升/降壓轉換器介接至馬達驅動器之直流鏈，其可協助電池於馬達急加速時提供能量，並儲存再生煞車之回送能量。
首先，建構具換向功能及動態控制之標準電動車內置磁石式永磁同步馬達驅動系統，提出許多量測結果用於實驗性能評估。爾後，開發一可變換頻率之高頻注入無位置感測電動車內置磁石式永磁同步馬達驅動系統，並與標準驅動器進行比較評估。
在電動車閒置下，藉外加三相變頻器及雙向CLLC諧振直流/直流轉換器，所開發之電動車馬達驅動系統可施行電網至車輛及車輛至電網之操作。於電網至車輛模式中，三相變頻器操作成切換式整流器，由電網對車載電池進行充電。至於車輛至電網模式，電池可藉相同之變頻器，供給當地負載及預設功率至電網。
最後，配置兩種能源收集系統於所研製之電動車驅動器。車頂之太陽光伏可於任何情況下，通過一升壓直流/直流轉換器直接對電池充電。而於閒置下，透過適當建構之集成架構，亦可藉屋頂之太陽光伏、可取用之直流電源或三相/單相交流電源，對車載電池進行輔助充電。

關鍵字

電動車 ； 內置磁石式永磁同步馬達 ； 無位置感測 ； 蓄電池 ； 超電容 ； 介面轉換器 ； CLLC諧振轉換器 ； 隔離轉換器 ； 切換式整流器 ； 再生煞車 ； 電網至車輛 ； 車輛至家庭 ； 車輛至電網 ； 能源收集

並列摘要

This thesis develops an electric vehicle (EV) interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive with varied-voltage DC-link and fault-tolerant capability. In idle condition, the developed EV drive can be arranged to conduct energy harvesting and grid- connected operations. The motor drive is powered from the battery via an H-bridge bidirectional DC/DC converter. The DC-link voltage can be lower or higher than battery voltage to improve the energy conversion efficiency. The H-bridge converter is further paralleled by a one-leg boost-buck converter to possess fault-tolerant capability. Within the speed range with DC-link voltage being higher than battery voltage, the interleaved interface converter with two cells is automatically formed. In addition, a supercapacitor (SC) is interfaced to the motor drive DC-link through a one-leg boost-buck converter. It can discharge energy to assist the motor rapid acceleration and store the recovered regenerative braking energy.
The commutation and dynamic controls for a standard EV IPMSM drive are made. A lot of measured results are presented for experimental performance evaluation. Then a high-frequency injection (HFI) position sensorless controlled EV IPMSM drive with changed injection frequencies is developed. Its comparative evaluation to the standard drive is also conducted.
In idle condition, the grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations of the developed EV motor drive can be performed using the externally added three-phase inverter and bidirectional CLLC resonant DC/DC converter. In G2V operation, the three-phase inverter is operated as a switch-mode rectifier (SMR) to perform the on-board battery charging from the utility grid. As to the V2G operation, the battery can power the local loads and discharge the preset power back to the grid via the same inverter.
Finally, two energy harvesting systems are equipped in the developed EV drive. The EV roof photovoltaic (PV) can directly charge the battery under any conditions via a boost DC/DC converter. In idle condition, through the properly constructed integrated schematic, the house roof PV, the available DC or the three-phase/single-phase AC source can conduct the on-board battery auxiliary charging.

並列關鍵字

EV ； IPMSM ； sensorless ； battery ； supercapacitor ； interface converter ； CLLC resonant converter ； isolated converter ； switch-mode rectifier ； regenerative braking ； G2V ； V2H ； V2G ； energy harvesting

參考文獻

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