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  • 學位論文

改善致胖環境的理論基礎與法制策略: 以垃圾食品廣告管制為例

Theoretical Foundations and Legal Strategies of Improving Obesogenic Environments: Using the Junk Food Advertisements Regulation as an example

指導教授 : 陳仲嶙
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摘要


從世界衛生組織以降,公共衛生部門紛紛認定肥胖為需要防治的重大公共衛生問題。我國亦不例外,肥胖防治不僅是衛生福利部國民健康署當前的施政目標,甫於2013年6月新增的食品安全衛生管理法(食管法)第28條第3項,更有所謂的「垃圾食品廣告管制」條款。肥胖防治牽涉跨領域的科際整合取徑,包括新自由主義的背景、政治哲學的批判、管制理論的應用、公共衛生學的理論與實踐、與醫療社會學的實證研究與批判。然而,卻少有法學論文研究肥胖防治議題。 本文探求肥胖防治背後的理論基礎,並以垃圾食品廣告管制為例,示範這些理論基礎如何用以評估肥胖防治的法制策略。本文將處理以下議題:肥胖是否真為世界性的流行病,因此需要肥胖防治?若是,肥胖防治是否應由國家管制?國家有能力管制嗎?應用何種方法管制?管制是否會造成其他副作用,如歧視?垃圾食品廣告管制是否有必要性?其受到的憲法拘束為何? 本文藉以憲法釋義學與法社會學的分析,將跨領域的價值投射於憲法價值,即憲法基本原則與基本權。依次討論「肥胖議題的重要性」、「改善致胖環境於肥胖議題的必要性」、「國家改善致胖環境的正當性」、「改善致胖環境的法制策略中,管制垃圾食品廣告的必要性」等議題,最後評論食管法第28條第3項垃圾食品廣告管制條款及相關之法規草案,並提出本文之建議。

並列摘要


The public health sector, from WHO to Taiwan, is considering obesity as an important public health problem to be prevented and controlled. In Taiwan, obesity prevention is the main administrative goal of Health Promotion Administration, and it has been regulated by Paragraph 3, Article 28 of Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation, so called “junk food advertisements reguation clause.” Obesity prevention involves interdisciplinary approach, which can include the historical background of liberalization, critique from political philosophy, application of regulation theory, theory and practice in public health, empirical research and critique in medical sociology. However, little legal research has been done on obesity prevention and control. The purpose of this article is to find the theoretical foundations of obesity prevention, and to apply these theoretical foundations to assess the legal strategies, using the junk food advertisements regulation as an example. The issues to be addressed in this article are as follows: Is obesity a global epidemic to be prevented and controlled? Should obesity prevention be regulated by the state? Is the state capable of regulating? How will the state regulate? What are the possible side effects of the regulations, e.g. discrimination? Is the junk food advertisements regulation necessary? What is the constitutional restraint on obesity prevention? The method to carry out this article is using constitutional dogmatic and sociology of law to project the interdisciplinary values on the constitutional values, which are the underlying principles of the Constitution and fundamental rights. The framework consists of the following: the importance of obesity issues, the necessity of improving the obesogenic environment to prevent obesity, the justifiability of obesity regulation by the state, and the necessity of junk food advertisements regulation for improving the obesogenic environment. Finally, this article analyzes the junk food advertisements regulation clause as well as the relating draft regulations, and makes practical suggestions.

參考文獻


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