近代漢人過年之主要習俗與《出埃及記》之逾越節的比較研究

A comparative Study on the main Lunar New Year Customs of the Modern Han people and the Passover Festive according to Exodus

林正章(Cheng-Chang Lin)

指導教授 ： 吳昶興

中原大學/人文與教育學院/宗教研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202100330

摘要

本研究是從臺灣閩南人的生活體驗出發，擬對近代漢人過年中的某些習俗與《出埃及記》的逾越節進行深入地比較研究。
近代漢人過年之主要習俗，包括：除夕、守歲、壓歲錢、恭喜/恭喜發財、貼春聯、紅色的意涵、過年的意涵、吃年糕/餃子、吃長年菜、從除夕開始的節期、以父家為單位的節慶及宗教活動等十二個。
一般以為該等習俗是漢人獨立發展的結果，所以人們會去探討個別主要習俗的歷史原由與年獸傳說的故事情節。本文彙整相關資料的結果，顯示漢人獨立發展結果的假設無法解釋該等習俗的形成。
本文另假設該等習俗是源自《出埃及記》逾越節的故事情節，然後比較漢人過年的主要習俗與《出埃及記》逾越節的故事情節，說明源自《出埃及記》逾越節的故事情節的假設可以一步到位地解釋這些過年主要習俗的形成。
由於缺乏史料與考古的證據，本文只能推論這十二個近代漢人過年的主要習俗極有可能是源自《出埃及記》逾越節的故事情節。

關鍵字

過年 ； 恭喜發財 ； 年獸傳說 ； 出埃及記 ； 逾越節

並列摘要

This study takes the life experience of Taiwanese Minnan people as a point of departure, and proceeds with an in-depth comparative study on the Main Lunar New Year Customs of the Modern Han People and the Passover Festival according to the book of Exodus.
This thesis considers the twelve main Lunar New Year customs of the modern Han people, which consists of (1)Lunar New Year's Eve, (2)Shou Sui, (3) Lunar New Year's money, (4)Gong xi/ Gong xi fa cai, (5)paste spring couplets, (6) meaning for redness, (7) meaning for Lunar New Year, (8) eating Nian gao/ Jiaozi, (9) eating leaf mustard, (10) a festive season that begins from the Eve of the Lunar New Year, (11) take the father's family as the unit of the festival, and (12) religious activities.
It is generally thought that these customs were developed independently by Han people. Therefore, people often tried to study the origins of each individual customs and the story plot of the Year Beast's legend. According to the outcome of the collection and organization of those related studies, this thesis argues that it was unexplainable that these customs were developed independently by the Han people.
Furthermore, this thesis assumed that these customs were originated from the story plot of the Passover Festival according to the book of Exodus, and compared them accordingly. The results shown that it was explainable that these customs were developed altogether by the story plot of the Passover Festival according to the book of Exodus.
Due to the unavailable of historical data and archaeological evidence, this thesis provides a conjecture study of these twelve Main Lunar New Year Customs of the Modern Han People, which are extremely probable that they were originated from the story plot of the Passover Festival according to the book of Exodus.

並列關鍵字

Lunar New Year ； Gong xi fa cai ； Year Beast's legend ； Exodus ； Passover

參考文獻

參考書目

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〔西漢〕司馬遷著，王利器主編，《史記注釋》(西安市：三秦出版社，1988)。

〔東漢〕應劭撰，王利器注，《風俗通義校注》(新北市：漢京文化公司，1983)。