應用系統模擬方法探討倉儲作業效率之研究

A Study on the Efficiency of Warehouse Operations Using Simulation

鍾讀亮(DU-LIANG JHONG)

指導教授 ： 周永燦

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202000673

摘要

電子商務的迅速的發展，資訊技術的進步大大地拓展了客戶選擇產品的範圍，其主要原因為網際網路帶來「全球化」的商機與威脅，新的產品、市場機不斷出現，因此產品的差異化變成了市場行銷重要的工具。市場上不斷出現新的產品，導致產品生命週期的縮短，電商公司為了能夠快速回應客戶訂單需求，在物流的管理上，必須以更加快速且成本更低的方式來因應頻繁的訂單，因此物流作業的效率就顯得格外重要。在物流作業中，有訂單管理、入庫管理、庫存管理與揀貨作業等，其中揀貨作業是物流作業中人力、時間成本投入最多的作業，揀貨作業的人力投入占整個物流作業的40~50%，時間投入占30~40%，而人工成本則是占總成本的15~20%，因此揀貨作業的效率成為關注重點之一。
在倉儲作業的論文中，研究的項目主要可分為四類，分別為訂單、設施規劃、儲位分配與路線設計。而在自動倉儲系統的研究中，大多只針對其中一項進行研究，並沒有針對不同的規劃相互搭配。因此本研究將會針對設施規劃及儲位分配的部分進行探討，觀察不同設施規劃搭配不同的儲位分配法，對於自動倉儲系統揀貨作業的影響。
本研究以軟體FlexSim模擬在三種大小的倉儲中，三種不同的儲位分配及兩種不同的儲區規劃對於揀貨效率的影響。本研究根據文獻探討將倉儲的儲位格數量劃分為600格、1200格和2400格三種大小，而儲位分配策略則是會使用倉儲作業中最常見的隨機分配法與周轉率分配法，周轉率分類法則是會根據貨品的周轉率將貨品分為兩類及三類。
觀察三種儲位分配法搭配兩種儲區規劃，在三種不同大小的倉庫中的揀貨時間、搬運距離的長短與機台的作業狀態，以便未來在建構倉儲系統時，可以做為參考依據。

關鍵字

自動倉儲 ； 系統模擬 ； 儲位分配

並列摘要

The rise of e-commerce in the world with advance information technology has greatly expanded the shopping market and product differentiation has become an important tool in marketing. New products continue to appear on the market, leading to shortened product life cycles. In order to respond quickly to customer needs, enterprises had been paied attention to the efficiency of logistics operations. In logistics management, enterprises must be more rapid and lower cost way to handle the frequent orders. Therefore, the efficiency of logistics operations is particularly important. In logistics operations, there are order management, storage management, inventory management, picking operations, etc. The picking operation is the most labor and time cost input in logistics operations. The labor input of the picking operation accounts for 40-50% of the entire logistics operation, the time investment accounts for 30-40%, and the labor cost accounts for 15-20% of the total cost. Therefore, the efficiency of logistics operations has become one of the focuses.
In the papers on warehousing operations, the research projects can be roughly divided into four categories, namely orders, facility planning, storage space allocation, and route design. In the research of automatic storage systems, most of them only focus on one of the researches, and do not coordinate with each other for different plans. Therefore, this research will focus on the part of facility planning and storage allocation. Observe the impact of different facility planning with different storage allocation methods on the picking operation of the automatic storage system.
In this study, we use software FlexSim to simulate the impact of three different storage space allocations and two different storage area plans on picking efficiency in three storage sizes. Based on the literature discussion, this study divides the number of storage cells into 600, 1200 and 2400 cells. The storage allocation strategy is to use the most common method, random allocation method and turnover rate method in storage allocation. The turnover rate classification method divides the goods into two and three according to the turnover rate of the goods.
Observe the three storage allocation methods with two storage area plans, the picking time, the length of the transport distance and the operating status of the machine in three different sizes of warehouses, so that it can be used as a reference when building a storage system in the future.

並列關鍵字

AS/RS ； Simulation ； Storage allocation

參考文獻

參考文獻

英文文獻

Azadivar, F. (1989). Optimum allocation of resources between the random access and rack storage spaces in an automated warehousing system. International Journal of Production Research, 27(1), 119-131.

Boysen, N., Stephan, K., Weidinger, F. (2019). Manual order consolidation with put walls: the batched order bin sequencing problem. EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics, 8(2), 169-193.

Brynjolfsson, E., Hu, Y., Smith, M. D. (2003). Consumer surplus in the digital economy: Estimating the value of increased product variety at online booksellers. Management Science, 49(11), 1580-1596.