建立航空業安全文化構面之交互影響模式

Establishing the interactive models of safety culture in the aviation industry

陳品蓁(Pin-Chen Chen)

指導教授 ： 蕭育霖

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202000675

摘要

航空安全一直是航空運輸業的核心，根據國家運輸安全調查委員會統計，人為疏失為最大肇事原因，而國際民航組織也在安全管理手冊中提到安全文化的改善對於飛航安全有重大的影響。因此本研究期望藉由分解安全文化構面，深入探討不同構面之間的影響關係，未來才能對安全文化提出更針對性的改善措施。本研究使用我國某家航空公司之安全文化問卷為研究資料，應用結構方程模式從三種構面來探討安全文化不同面向之間的交互影響關係，包括Reason 所提出之安全次文化構面，以及國際民航組織所提出之安全管理系統以及安全文化構面。研究結果發現，三種構面都存在顯著正向的影響關係，例如次文化之間「彈性文化」與「告知文化」對「公正文化」有正向影響關係，而「公正文化」的良窳則會正面影響「報告文化」。公司的「安全政策與目標」會正向性地影響「安全保證」、「安全促進」及「安全風險管理」面向。公司高階主管的「安全承諾」則對員工的「信任」程度以及「信息」交流程度具有正面影響關係。根據本研究之成果，業者將可針對安全文化的弱勢或重要面向提出具體精進的改善作為，例如要進一步提升「報告文化」，可從「公正文化」面向著手。期望透過本研究成果可提供我國航空業者強化安全文化管理策略，以進一步促進飛航安全的提升。

關鍵字

安全文化 ； 安全次文化 ； 安全管理系統 ； 結構方程模式

並列摘要

Flight safety is the foundation of the air transportation industry. According toTaiwan Transportation Safety Board, human error is the most significant cause of the local aviation accidents. Among all kinds of human factors, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has argued that the improvement of safety culture could bring significant impacts on flight safety. In this research, safety culture had been decomposed into different facets based on the specific perspectives of two corresponding literatures in the industry, including the Safety Sub-Culture framework proposed by Reason, the Safety Management System (SMS) aspect and the Safety Culture facet proposed by ICAO. The influencing relationships between different facets was explored hereby via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to target the improvement measures of the safety culture in the future. The valid sample size of the study was 851 which sourced from the safety culture survey of a Taiwan airline.
The results indicated the positive influences in all three facets. For example, the "Flexible Culture" and "Informed Culture" among the sub-cultures have positive impacts on the "Just Culture", while the goodness of the "Just Culture" could bring constructive effect to the "Reporting Culture". “Safety Policy and Objectives" will positively affect the "Safety Assurance", "Safety Promotion" and "Safety Risk Management" from SMS standpoint. "Safety Commitment" of senior executives could influence employees' "Trust" and how Safety "Information" is transmitted in an organization. According to the results, the industry could propose specific improvements for the weakness or important aspects of the safety culture. For example, in order to enhance "Reporting Culture", "Just Culture" should be taken into account.
The research result can be utilized to facilitate the aviation industry by providing specific strategies for safety culture management to further promote the improvement of flight safety respectively.

並列關鍵字

Safety Culture ； Safety Sub Culture ； Safety Management System ； Structural Equation Modeling

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