台灣銀行業財務績效對資產品質指標之研究

The Study of Relation between Financial Performance and Assets Quality for Taiwan Banking Sector

彭盛謀(Shenq-Mou Peng)

指導教授 ： 陳 若 暉

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201600579

摘要

本研究針對20家本國銀行自2008年3月至2015年6月之季資料，使用Panel Data模型之固定效果與隨機效果模型進行分析研究。探討銀行財務績效對資產品質指標之關聯性，並進一步將資產品質指標細分為總額、企金擔保、企金無擔、消金住宅和信用卡應收款。分析財務指標分別對各資產品質指標之逾放比與備抵呆帳覆蓋率的影響。同時以「金控或非金控」與「公營或民營」為虛擬變數，進一步分析與金控銀行和公營或民營銀行間的異同。
經實證結果發現，資本適足率、流動比率、營業利益率與逾放比-總額呈顯著負相關，而營業費用率與逾放比-總額呈顯著正相關。資本適足率、資產報酬率和信用卡收入占利息收入比率與備抵呆帳覆蓋率-總額呈顯著正相關。營業費用率、淨值報酬率和資產總額與備抵呆帳覆蓋率-總額呈顯著負相關，顯示上列財務績效指標與資產品質會相互影響，本期財務績效會影響下期的資產品質。資本適足率、淨值報酬率、信用卡收入占利息收入比率和資產規模與逾放比-消金住宅呈顯著正相關，顯示受產業景氣影響大，尤其是不動產業的消金住宅。當不動產受到嚴重衝擊時，各國政府為挽救經濟會祭出許多手段，使影響層面擴大。當景氣良好時，財務績效與資產品質指標會呈正向相關，即財務績效越好資產品質越佳，資產規模愈大會使資產品質愈佳，反之當不景氣時，銀行財務績效普遍不佳，資產規模愈大則資產品質可能愈差。而資本適足率是影響資產品質最顯著的因素，營業利益率對資產品質亦有相當程度的影響。在資產品質指標中逾放比-消金住宅的差異最大，可能原因是受2008年金融海嘯不動產泡沫化與信貸崩盤的影響。
若以「金控或非金控」及「公營或民營」為虛擬變數分析，研究顯示金控銀行與備抵呆帳覆蓋率-企金無擔呈現負向顯著影響，顯示金控因可整合各子公司資源，較能提高經營效率，減少備抵呆帳提存金額。公營銀行分別與備抵呆帳覆蓋率-總額和備抵呆帳覆蓋率-消金住宅呈現負向顯著影響。係因受金融風暴影響，往往逾期放款增加金額大於備抵呆帳提存金額，導致備抵呆帳覆蓋率下降。

關鍵字

資產品質 ； 財務績效 ； 資本適足率 ； 逾放比 ； 備抵呆帳覆蓋率

並列摘要

This study aims at the quarterly data of 20 domestic banks from March 2008 to June 2015, using fixed effect and random effects of Panel Data to analyze the empirical study .To explore the relevance of the bank financial performance on asset quality index, this study further subdivides into the total, asset quality, enterprise finance guaranteed, enterprises finance non-guaranteed, consumer finance residences and receivables of credit card. This paper analyzes the effects of financial indexes on the non-performing loan ratio and allowance for bad debt coverage ratio. Taking " financial holdings bank or non-financial holdings bank " and "public bank or private bank" as dummy variables analysis, this work further analyzes the differences and similarities of financial holdings bank and public banks.
The empirical results show that capital adequacy ratio, current ratio, business profitability have significantly negative effect on total non-performing loan ratio, and operating expense ratio has strong positive impact on total non-performing loan ratio. The results also reveal that capital adequacy ratio, return on net worth and credit card interest revenue ratio have a significantly positive associated with total allowance for bad debt coverage ratio. Operating expense ratio, net rate of return and total assets have strong negative correlation with total allowance for bad debt coverage ratio. The above shows that financial performance indicator affected with asset quality. This current financial performance indicator will affect next asset quality. Capital adequacy ratio, return on net worth and credit card interest revenue ratio and scale of assets, have significantly positive effect on non-performing loan ratio - consumer finance residences. It is considerably affected by prosperity. As the real estate is shocked seriously, each governments use many solutions to save economy and to enhance influencing expansion. When the economy is growth, the financial performance and asset quality index are positively related. The better financial performs, the better the quality of assets are. The bigger scale of asset is, the better asset quality is. However, banks generally perform poor for recession. The bigger the scale of asset is, the worse asset quality is. And capital adequacy is the key factor to affect asset quality, and operating profit margin is also one of crucial factors. Among non-performing loan ratio of the asset quality index, consumer finance has the biggest difference. It is probably affected by real estate bubble of financial tsunami and credit crash in 2008.
Taking the "financial holdings bank or non-financial holdings bank" and "public bank and private bank" as dummy variables, the research shows that finance holding bank and the allowance for bad debt coverage ratio - enterprise finance non-guarantee presents significantly negative influences. It demonstrates that financial holdings bank can increase operational efficiency more and decrease the lodgment amount of allowance for bad debts on account of being able to integrate the resource of each subsidiary. The public banks present significant negative influences with the allowance for bad debt coverage ratio for both the total amount and consumer finance residences. Because of the effect of financial crisis, the increasing amount of non-performing loan is always higher than the lodgment amount of allowance for bad debts. This causes the descending of allowance for bad debt coverage.

並列關鍵字

Asset Quality ； Financial Performance ； Capital Adequacy Ratio ； Non-performing Loan Ratio ； Allowance for Bad Debt Coverage Ratio

參考文獻

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