應用第四方物流業者於我國個人電腦代工產業的貨物追蹤協作之關鍵因素探討:優化儲運系統

A Study on Critical Factors of Cargo Tracking Collaboration in Taiwan's PC OEM/ODM Industry Using Fourth-Party Logistics : Optimizing Storage And Transportation System

蔡政達(Cheng-Ta Tsai)

指導教授 ： 黃博滄

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202101000

摘要

在全球化競爭的環境下，一切講求速度，相對也考驗企業面對全球運籌時的應變能力，企業對於上下游協力廠商之間貨品的流通追蹤以及資訊的交互傳遞，能否達成彼此協同的境界，就成為產業的重要關鍵之一，我國台灣電腦代工產業貨品的全球運籌大都是以企業本身既有的獨立系統作業運作的，不論貨物是在企業的全球各地工廠貨倉間的運行，或是貨品直接出貨至全球交貨點位，現行貨物運籌的流程模式大都採委外的物流公司替企業承包貨物的載運業務，對其物流的資訊皆需藉由第三方物流公司獲取，故對於貨物資訊僅能仰賴間接取得、故一直存在著無法完全通透和一致性..等的問題。自近年因全球疫情開始至今邁入後疫情時代其全球的儲運情況因全球各地港口仍處在持續性的塞港、缺船、缺貨櫃、…等問題中，這不僅對現有整個供應鏈體系的影響加鉅外而且更增加許多物流資訊的不確定性，以致供應鏈成員間無法及時獲取訊息的回應情況更加嚴重，長鞭效應的問題因而經常在供應鏈間發生。
在本研究中是針對我國台灣電腦代工產業貨物在全球運籌供應鏈管理現況中所面臨的貨物追蹤及協作問題，提出以第四方專業物流業者(Fourth party Logistics, 4PLs)角色在供應鏈裡作為協同整合的功能概念，整理出其所具備的能力構面之關鍵因素，及應用 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)，智能儲運系統的全球定位系統/通用封包無線服務GPS/GPRS(Global Positioning System/ General Packet Radio Service)，雲端運算(Cloud Computing) 科技..等技術，建構出貨物追蹤資訊的協作流程概念平台，本論文中的研究方法採取德爾菲法的方式進行專家們對4Lls的物流業者所需具備的關鍵因素項目進行問卷調查探討，其結論針對供應鏈整合能力及資訊科技能力的兩項關鍵能力中的5大構面因素，30項準則項目，經兩次的重要性、共識性與一致性的意見整合過程，取得了26項重要準則項目，並以此重要項目為基礎，作為建構貨物追蹤資訊協作平台的成功關鍵項目的可行性依據，得以優化我國台灣電腦代工產業全球運儲管理的作業系統。
並藉此追蹤貨物協作系統模式，可提升供應鏈相關成員的產業競爭力，降低存貨風險，快速反應客戶端的需求。本研究的架構平台除協助我國電腦代工產業外，亦提供給其他電子產業，如屬產品週期短的科技相關產業，作為參考模式為本研究之主要貢獻。

關鍵字：第三方物流公司、 無線射頻辯識技術、雲端運算、全球定位系統/通用封包無線服務、第四方專業物流業者、長鞭效應。

關鍵字

第三方物流公司 ； 無線射頻辯識技術 ； 雲端運算 ； 全球定位系統/通用封包無線服務 ； 第四方專業物流業者 ； 長鞭效應

並列摘要

In the environment of global competition, everything is about speed, and it also tests the company's ability to adapt to global operations. Whether the company can track the circulation of goods between upstream and downstream third-party manufacturers and the interactive transmission of information, whether they can achieve the realm of mutual coordination, it has become one of the important keys to the industry. Most of the global logistics of goods in Taiwan's computer OEM/ODM industry are operated by the existing independent system of the enterprise itself, regardless of whether the goods are running between factories and warehouses around the world, or the goods are shipped directly to the global delivery point. Most of the current process models of cargo logistics use outsourced logistics companies to contract the cargo transportation business for the enterprise, and the logistics information needs to be obtained by third-party logistics companies. Cargo information can only be obtained indirectly, so there have always been problems such as incomplete transparency and consistency. Since the beginning of the global epidemic in recent years, the global storage and transportation situation has entered the post-epidemic era. Due to the continuous problems of port congestion, shortage of ships, shortage of containers, etc. in ports around the world, this not only affects the entire existing supply chain. The impact of the system is huge and the uncertainty of many logistics information is increased, so that the response of supply chain members unable to obtain information in a timely manner is more serious, and the problem of the long whip effect often occurs between supply chains.
In this study, aiming at the cargo tracking and collaboration problems faced by Taiwan's computer OEM/ODM goods in the current situation of global logistics supply chain management, it is proposed to use the role of Fourth party Logistics (4PLs) in the supply chain. As a functional concept of synergistic integration, the key factors of its capability aspects are sorted out, and the application of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), the global positioning system of intelligent storage and transportation system/general packet wireless service GPS/GPRS (Global Positioning System/ General Packet Radio Service), cloud computing (Cloud Computing) technology, etc., to construct a collaborative process concept platform for cargo tracking information. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the key factor items to be possessed, and the conclusion was based on the five major dimension factors in the two key capabilities of supply chain integration capability and information technology capability, and 30 standard items. Consistent opinion integration process, obtained 26 important criteria projects, and based on these important projects, as the basis for the construction of a successful key project of a cargo tracking information collaboration platform, to optimize the global transportation and storage of Taiwan's computer foundry industry Managed operating system.
In this way, the tracking cargo collaboration system mode can enhance the industrial competitiveness of related members of the supply chain, reduce inventory risks, and quickly respond to client needs. In addition to assisting my country's computer foundry industry, the framework platform of this study is also provided to other electronic industries, such as technology-related industries with short product cycles, as a reference model for the main contribution of this study.

並列關鍵字

Third-party logistics ； RFID ； Cloud Computing ； GPS/GPRS ； 4PLs ； Long whip effect

參考文獻

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