以水溶液分散技術製備聚乙烯醇/蒙脫土 奈米複合材料及其性質與應用研究

Preparation, Property Studies and Application of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Materials Prepared by Solution Dispersion Technigue

尤明瑤(Ming-Yao Yu)

指導教授 ： 葉瑞銘

中原大學/理學院/化學研究所/碩士(2003年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200300076

摘要

本論文主要利用聚乙烯醇 (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) 和鈉型蒙脫土(Na＋type montmorillonite, pk-805 clay) 製成有機/無機混成奈米複合膜(PVA/clay, PVAC) ，探討無機層材添加對複合膜熱安定性 (thermal stability) 、結晶性 (crystallinity) 、及表面粗糙度 (surface roughness) 之影響。而整個PVAC奈米複合膜之型態 (morphology) 則藉由穿透式電子顯微鏡 (TEM) 、X-ray繞射儀及原子力價分析儀 (atomic force microscopy, AFM) 進行分析。此外，研究中進一步將PVAC奈米複合膜應用在蒸氣滲透 (vapor permeation) 分離程序進行醇類水溶液之脫水及薄膜之阻氣和阻水性研究。研究中發現PVAC奈米複合膜之熱安定性高於未改質之純PVA膜，而PVAC奈米複合膜因無機層材之存在可有效抑制膜材於水溶液中之膨潤度 (degree of swelling) 。PVAC複合膜之結晶性及表面粗糙度隨無機層材添加量增加而上升。針對PVAC複合膜之阻氣和阻水性研究發現當複合膜內無機層材添加量在 (1~3 wt%) 時，薄膜之氧氣及水蒸氣透過率皆隨無機層材添加量增加而下降。而PVAC奈米複合膜應用在蒸氣滲透 (vapor permeation) 分離醇類水溶液時，顯示無機層材添加量低於5wt%時，薄膜之透過量隨無機層材添加量增加而下降但選擇性則反之。

關鍵字

有机/無機混成奈米複合膜 ； 蒸氣滲透 ； 分子阻礙 ； 蒙脫土

並列摘要

A series of organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite membranes, polyvinyl alcohol/clay (PVAC) ,were prepared in this article. The morphology of PVAC nanocomposite, in the form of membrane, were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) , X-ray diffraction (XRD) , and atomic force microscopy (AFM) . The crystallinity and surface roughness increased with increasing the clay content in the PVAC nanocomposite membrane. Compared with the pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane, the hybrid nanocomposite membrane (PVAC) shown an improvement in thermal stability and prevention of the water-soluble property. The oxygen permeability and the water vapor permeation rate decreased with increasing the clay content (1~3wt%) in the PVAC nanocomposite membranes. In addition, the permeation rate decreased and the separation factor increased as the clay content increased (1~5wt%).

並列關鍵字

clay ； molecular barrier ； organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite membrane ； vapor permeation

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