摘要 在本論文中,將以聚亞醯胺與層狀無機材之黏土、粒狀無機材之二氧化矽製成聚亞醯胺/黏土奈米複合材料、聚亞醯胺/二氧化矽奈米複合材料與聚亞醯胺奈米孔洞膜材等之奈米級材料進行研究與性質探討,並利用各種儀器作基本鑑定、熱性質分析、機械性質、氣體穿透性質與介電性質等之量測分析。 於第三章中,所合成一系列聚亞醯胺(BDAF+OPDA)/黏土奈米複合材料,於TEM的鑑定下,證實其黏土以奈米級之脫層分散形式與插層分散形式同時地均勻分散於聚亞醯胺材中。並發現其有較高的熱性質與機械性質且會隨著黏土含量的增加而提高。而其黏土含量的增加亦會使得氧氣與水氣的穿透率降低,介電特性方面其介電常數皆會隨著黏土摻入量的增加而有降低的趨勢。 於第四章中,分別依三種合成步驟製備出PISiAx、PISiCx、 PISiBx系列奈米複合材料,而此三種聚亞醯胺/二氧化矽奈米複合材料經由TEM的鑑定下,證實了其SiO2粒子為奈米級尺寸且均勻地分散於基材中,其中以PISiBx系列之SiO2奈米粒子的粒徑最小且分散密度較高,而在熱性質分析、機械性質、氣體穿透性質等之量測分析亦顯示其均相程度較佳之PISiBx系列奈米複材在各種性質之量測分析均有較優異之性質。 於第五章中,亦分別依三種合成步驟備出FPISiAx、FPISiBx、FPISiCx系列奈米複合材料,而此三種聚亞醯胺/二氧化矽奈米複合材料經由TEM的鑑定下,證實了其SiO2粒子為奈米級尺寸且均勻地分散於基材中,而在熱性質分析、機械性質、氣體穿透性質等、介電性質之量測分析亦顯示其均相程度較佳之FPISiCx系列奈米複材在各種性質之量測分析均有較優異之性質。 於第六章中,所製備出三種系列奈米孔洞膜材之eFPISiAx、eFPISiBx、eFPISiCx,於TEM的鑑定下證實了此材料中之孔洞呈奈米級地均勻分散於聚亞醯胺基材中,而此奈米孔洞的形成在熱性質分析、機械性質、氣體穿透性質之量測分析仍顯示其性質並不會因奈米孔洞的形成而降低其應有之性質,且介電性質亦因其奈米孔洞的存在使得此類膜材的介電常數大幅降低,其中以其孔洞平均分散密度愈高且其孔徑愈小之eFPISiCx系列者之介電常數降低的效果最明顯。
Abstract In this Ph.D. dissertation, material of inorganic layer for clay and inorganic particle for silica with polyimide were successfully to prepare polyimide-clay nanocomposites and polyimide-silica nanocomposites, respectively. And polyimide nanoporous films were successfully prepared, too. They were studied on the thermal stability, mechanical strength, optical clarity, gas barrier, water uptake and dielectric constants, etc. For Chapter 3, a series of polyimide(BDAF+OPDA)-clay nano- composite films were synthesized and confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy of the nano- composites were measured. Effects of a series of polyimide-clay nanocomposites on the molecular barrier, thermal stability, tensile mechanical and dielectric constant were also studied by molecular permeability analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), dielectric constant analyzer, respectively. For Chapter 4, a series of polyimide(ODA+OPDA)-silica nano- composites were subsequently prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and showed the trend of PISiBx PISiCx PISiAx for the size of SiO2 particles dispersed in polyimide matrix. Effects of the material composition on the thermal stability, mechanical strength, optical clarity, gas barrier and water uptake of PI along with three series of nanocomposites in the form of film were exhibited an order of PISiBx PISiCx PISiAx. For Chapter 5, a series of polyimide(BDAF+OPDA)-silica nano- composites were successfully prepared t characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and showed the trend of FPISiCx FPISiBx FPISiAx for the size of SiO2 particles dispersed in polyimide matrix. Effects of the material composition on the thermal stability, mechanical strength, optical clarity, gas barrier and water uptake of FPI along with three series of nanocomposites in the form of film were exhibited an order of FPISiCx FPISiBx FPISiAx. For Chapter 6, three series of polyimide nanoporous films (eFPISiAx, eFPISiBx and eFPISiCx Nanoporous films) were successfully prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and showed the trend of eFPISiCx eFPISiBx eFPISiAx for the size of pores dispersed in polyimide matrix. Effects of the material composition on the thermal stability, mechanical strength, optical clarity and gas barrier of FPI along with three series of nanocomposites in the form of film were exhibited an order of eFPISiCx d eFPISiBx d eFPISiAx d FPI. On the water absorption studies of the nanoporous films exhibited three series of eFPISiCx, eFPISiBx and eFPISiAx nanoporous films had almost identical water uptake value but greater than the pure polyimide. It exhibited the nanoporous films that pores had dispersed in polyimide matrix. The dielectric properties for three series of nanoporous films were measured under different frequencies and temperatures. It is exhibited that the eFPISiCx nanoporous films may exist lower dielectric constants due to the smaller and higher density nano-size of pores dispersed in polyimide matrix.
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