正確的廠址選擇,可使企業節省成本及增加利潤,更可提高企業在全球競爭市場之優勢,對企業未來成長產生重大影響。中國大陸為目前外商的投資重地,且主要區域由十年前的華南地區轉移到目前最熱門的華東地區,但如何在華東區域眾多的城市中,選擇出最符合企業需求的新設廠址相當困難。 本研究之目的乃針對台商導電橡膠業於中國大陸之華東地區,進行最佳廠址選擇的分析。首先以專家訪談與文獻收集歸納多個候選廠址與評選因素,而後利用假說驗證及李克特量表挑選出七個候選廠址、七個主要因與四十五個次要因,形成層級分析架構;再使用層級分析法匯集專家意見,以AHP Expert Choice軟體計算獲得廠址或要因的權數與績效;過程中透過一致性指標、一致性比例的數值,並採用SPSS計算Cronbach’s Alpha值作為信度之檢驗依據,當專家意見有分歧時,利用德菲法整合專家意見。研究結果發現蘇州為導電橡膠業之最佳廠址;影響廠址選擇第一主要因是基礎設施,第一次要因則為電力穩定。後續採用資料包絡分析法可進而求解導電橡膠業中特定廠商之選址,當主要因之成本的權數由0.042改為0.5時,各廠址之總得分則隨之改變,但最佳廠址亦同為蘇州。 本研究由大範圍的導電橡膠業至小範圍的特定廠商,並與電子電機公會的大陸投資環境與風險調查報告作最佳廠址之排序比較,不難看出導電橡膠業與其隸屬之電子產業有密切的生產群聚關係;此外,所得排序可進階提供個別企業配合資料包絡分析法進行排序之修正。因此,本研究模式可提供企業設廠之參考,並可提供政府及招商當局,改善其投資環境,以利爭取企業投資。
Effective decision of facility location selection can help companies save costs, improve service quality and enhance competitive superiority of global market. Therefore, facility location is extremely important for industrial growth. China mainland is one of the most popular area, especially the China east area. But it’s also difficult to select one from numerous cities. The purpose of this paper is to find out optimal facility location in China east area for Taiwanese conductivity rubber industry. A creative and complete procedure to systematically find solutions for facility location multiple approaches is presented. Several methods with their own characteristics are applied in different stages of the methodology construction. AHP is used to determine the proper numbers of facility location, and primary and subordinate criteria, develops a matrix framework, and then give individual weight and performance. Calculation of C.I. and C.R. assesses the interview data. SPSS is then used for reliability analysis to achieve uniformity of interview data. The Delphi Method is used to integrate different opinions between experts. Finally, DEA replaces the specified performance of a given company to generate new rankings of optimal facility locations. The combination of methods aids in the decision-making process for ideal facility locations. The research shows that Su-Zhou is the best choice, the first primary criteria is basic infrastructure, and subordinate criteria is stable power supply. When the weight of cost is changed from 0.042 to 0.5 by the individual company, the best facility location for this company also is Su-Zhou. The application of this thorough procedure provides an individual reference for other companies in the same industry. For different industries, the systemized methodology in this study can be used as an ideal model for facility location selection.
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