在面對全球化的市場,不同的市場會隨著優惠情況、產品功能的不同而有不同的消費行為,企業可藉由不同的管理策略及促銷活動,以達到改善利潤及市場占有率目標。然而,隨著近年來生態保護與環保意識的高漲,如何有效地使用資源逐漸受到重視,歐盟便提出危害物質限用指令(Restriction of Hazardous Substances, RoHs)與廢電子電機設備指令(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, WEEE)等相關政策,而其相關政策的頒布對高科技電子產業的衝擊甚大,再加上高科技電子產業通常都具有損耗之特性。面對此新的挑戰,促使企業們紛紛開始重視綠色供應鏈,推動產品的資源再回收、再利用與再製造等策略並加入綠色產品設計來減少對於環境造成的傷害有助於達到降低企業之營運成本。因此,本研究在綠色產品設計上加入考量X設計(Design for X, DfX)中的易製造裝配設計 (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly, DFMA)、易拆卸設計(Design for Disassembly, DfD)及綠色設計(Design for Environment, DfE),其目的為降低企業營運成本、讓產品零件具有可回收以及再利用的功能,使資源利用度達到最大進而將產品的剩餘零件對環境的汙染降到最低。 因此本研究發展一個損耗性商品考量綠色產品設計與再製造於多市場需求之最佳綠色供應鏈存貨策略,探討其企業在單一市場與多市場需求中所採取的存貨策略並進行模式推導,以單位時間總成本為最小化為目標,計算出製造商之最佳生產量、交貨週期、交貨次數及產品生命週期數,藉由數值分析及數學軟體Maple 14輔助計算本模式,最後利用Excel 2013探討重要參數之敏感度,並驗證本研究模型之有效性及說明參數的改變對本模式的影響。
In the new era of globalization, diverse markets have different consumer behavior considering the different promotions setting and the various features of the product. Companies have used different management strategies and promotional activities to improve the profit and their market share. However, due to the demand of increase of environmental consciousness and ecological protection, using resources effectively have been taken seriously and gradually. European Union’s (EU) proposal for a directive on Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHs), Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and other relevant policies has huge impacts on a high-tech electronics industry. Dealing with new challenges, companies are starting to pay attention on green supply chain issue and promoting recycle, reuse, remanufacture products and adding green product design to reduce the damage of environment, which will lead to enterprise's costs reduction. In this study, we consider the Design-for-Manufacturing-Assembly (DfMA), the Design-for-Disassembly (DfD) and the Design-for-Environment (DfE) for green product design, with the objective of reducing costs and to build components with recyclable and reusable functions to achieve not only the maximum utilization of resources, but also to reduce environmental pollution. The study proposed a production-inventory model for deteriorating items considering the green product design and remanufacturing process with multiple-market demand grounded in green supply chain theory. This study aims to optimize the production policy in order to achieve the minimum expected total cost. Maple 14 is used to solve the model, and numerical example and sensitivity analysis are given to validate the model and to illustrate the changing effect of key parameters in the model.
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