復甦中的大觀園—一個由環境劇場觀念推動的社區改造經驗

社區的集體記憶是社會中庶民記憶的一部分，但隨建物的老舊，社區常走向衰亡的命運，庶民記憶也汲汲可危。大觀園是戰後中原大學師生與社區居民的共同生活場域，目前也正面臨垂亡的命運。本研究藉由行動研究的研究方法、R. Schechner環境劇場概念作為環境塑造的概念，以都市針灸觀念檢視並療癒大觀園社區，以社區總體營造理念帶動大觀園的發展。將上述觀念與方法，在大觀園中導入軟硬體的活化策略，企圖挽救這一瀕臨消失的師、生、民的共同記憶場域。主要方法有文獻探討、田野調查、實驗性實作與訪談。主要研究成果：1）在行動研究方面，以行動力的直接參與、實作，改善大觀園1220㎡，並獲得第一手資料；2）在環境劇場方面，將此觀念實際轉化為創造獨特大觀園的空間；3）在都市針灸方面，針對節點、區域做改善，燃起居民對大觀園的希望；4）在社區總體營造方面，藉由教學推廣、改善示範，影響師、生、民，亦即「人」，達到永續改造大觀園的初衷。本研究影響學生約240人、居民約15人、大眾18000人（臉書按讚數）、公部門約20人對大觀園的看法，並吸引8間小店一同經營大觀園。並將成果由老師介紹給公部門。

關鍵字

環境劇場；都市針灸；社區營造；大觀園；庶民記憶

並列摘要

A community’s collective memory partially constitutes the folk memory of society. However, the downfall of communities is often inevitable as buildings deteriorate. The Daquanyuan community has provided a living space shared by community residents and the faulty members and students of Chung Yuan Christian University since the end of World War II. However, the community is dwindling. In this study, an action research design was adopted along with the concept of environmental theater proposed by Richard Schechner to revitalize the Daquanyuan community from an urban acupuncture perspective. The objective is to promote the development of Daquanyuan through the concept of comprehensive community development. Specifically, hardware- and software-based revitalization strategies were implemented in an attempt to prevent the vanishing of the community. Other methods employed in this study were literature reviews, field surveying, experimental practice, and interviews, and the following results were obtained. (1) To perform action research, the present author directly participated in the revitalization process of the community that spanned an area of 1220 m2 and acquired firsthand data. (2) The concept of environmental theater was adopted to create a unique venue in the community. (3) From the perspective of urban acupuncture, improvement measures were implemented in specific nodes and regions, raising local residents’ expectation of the community following its revitalization. (4) To achieve comprehensive community development, the author hosted education promotion and demonstration sessions to enhance the attitude of local actors, namely community residents and faculty members and students of the university, thereby achieving the goal of sustainable community development. The revitalization project affected the perspectives of 240 students, 15 residents, 18000 netizens (based on the number of likes on the Facebook fan page), and 20 civil servants regarding the Daquanyuan community, and attracted eight shop owners to establish stores in the community. The outcomes of the project were also shared with relevant public authorities.