身心障礙幼兒父職參與之研究

本研究以四對家庭中育有3-6歲身心障礙幼兒之父母為研究對象，透過訪談與調查研究方式，採生態系統理論為基礎架構，經由夫妻雙方觀點來探究身心障礙幼兒父親之父職參與情形。根據父職參與的三個父職行為內涵(父職參與互動行為、父職參與接近行為、父職參與責任行為)檢驗父親執行父職參與的實際行為，以生態系統中父親本身、父親配偶(母親)、情境脈絡因素作為影響面向的分析。根據研究結論，本研究對國內未來福利政策及研究方向提出具體的建議。研究結果發現： 1.四位父親父職參與行為之差異與個人觀念、態度及工作型態等因素有關。 2.在三項父職行為最常參與依序為「父職參與責任行為」、「父職參與互動行為」、「父職參與接近行為」。 3.父職參與責任行為較常參與的父職行為項目依序為：「交通接送」、「就醫/復健」、「購物」、「認知學習」。 4.父職參與互動行為較常參與的父職行為項目依序為：「遊戲與陪伴活動」、「家庭事務活動」、「成就有關的活動」、「個人照顧活動」、「社會活動」。 5.父職參與接近行為較常參與的父職行為項目依序為：「做自己的事」、「陪伴孩子」、「家務工作」。 6.身心障礙幼兒父親的父職參與深受不同系統影響。其中，父親個人的父職信念價值牽動著父親的親職實踐；母親的父職信念對先生的支持態度與期待，造就不同效能的父職；工作就業與經濟、社會支持等客觀情境因素，亦會鬆動父親最初所持有的父職信念，並轉而調整其父職的履行。

關鍵字

身心障礙幼兒父親；父職參與；生態系統理論

並列摘要

This research was to study paternal involvement of 4 families that have children with special needs, and the criteria used to evaluate included namely interaction participation, accessibility participation, and responsibility participation. Data collected from questionnaire and interviews with 4-pair of parents. The major findings of this study summarized as follows: 1.The reasons caused different levels of paternal involvement included the perception and attitude of being a father, and types of father’s job. 2.Regarding paternal involvement, it indicated that the most frequent in descending order were behaviors of responsibility participation, interaction participation, and accessibility participation. 3.Regarding responsibility participation of fathers, it indicated that driving service was the most frequent activity, which was followed in descending order by help with medical treatment or rehabilitation, shopping, and cognitive learning. 4.Regarding interaction participation of fathers, it indicated that playing with or accompanying the child was the most frequent activity, which was followed in descending order by housework, school achievement related work, personal care, and social activity. 5.Regarding accessibility participation of fathers, it indicated that doing their own work was the most frequent activity, which was followed in descending order by accompanying the child, and housework. 6.The participation status of fathers toward their children with special needs was affected deeply by different ecological systems. Furthermore, fathers’ participation was affected by their own perceptions on fatherhood, mothers’ perceptions, support and exceptions. Other factors, such as status of employment and financial, social support, might make differences in father participation.