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  • 學位論文

影響首投族投票行為之關鍵因素

Identifying Key Factors of Influencing Voting Behavior for First-Time Voters

指導教授 : 胡宜中

摘要


民主社會中,選舉是政黨或其他社會團體合法取得政權的基礎,選舉制度可以顯示某一社會政治民主化的程度,台灣從1987年解嚴後,民主政治開始起飛,臺灣社會的政治面貌煥然一新,並表現出自由、開放和多元的趨勢。近年來台灣的政治環境正在改變,各項選舉的競爭日趨激烈。在2014年的“九合一選舉”中,外部大環境對執政黨不利的影響似乎超乎了想像,很多縣市的選舉結果出現了大逆轉。台灣政治環境的改變之一主要表現在選民年齡結構和選民的意識與行為的變化上,年輕的首投族選民在選舉中表達出了不同的聲音。影響選民投票行為之研究始終是民主政治研究領域中長久不衰的議題,基於首投族近年對選舉結果的高度影響,因此分析影響首投族投票行為之關鍵因素是有其必要性的。 本研究透過文獻整理,歸納出了影響選民投票行為的構面與準則,並藉助專家深度訪談來完善構面與準則的合理性,而後透過三輪德爾菲法專家決策,確立正式研究架構;藉由決策實驗室法(DEMATEL)來釐清影響選民投票行為之構面與準則間的因果關係;透過網路程序分析法(ANP)識別出影響首投族投票行為的關鍵構面與準則;最後結合D-ANP的權重排序與各個準則的績效值建構重要性-績效值分析(IPA)矩陣。 經實證研究的結果發現: (1)影響首投族投票行為的5個構面,依重要性排序依次為:「議題取向」、「候選人取向」、「選民特質」、「政黨認同」和「族群取向」。 (2)影響首投族投票行為的關鍵準則為:「領導力」、「參與政治的積極性」、「民主公民知識」、「公民意識」、「執政時的表現」及「國家發展方向」。 (3)由準則間的因果關係圖可知,關鍵準則中,「執政時的表現」會影響其他五個關鍵準則,因此實務上建議從此準則入手,以有效實現其他關鍵準則的整體改善。 (4)由IPA的結果可知,影響首投族投票行為的關鍵準則中,「執政時的表現」與「國家發展方向」由於績效不彰,落入“極需改善”的象限之中,應引起候選人及其所在政黨的重點關注。 最後,本研究結合上述結論,結合當前台灣社會、經濟現狀,針對「執政時的表現」與「國家發展方向」,從政治上和經濟上為候選人提供競選策略。

並列摘要


In modern democracy, elections are the foundations of political parties or social organizations to obtain the ruling power, while the electoral system can display a certain degree of social and democratization. In 1987, the martial law was lifted in Taiwan and all related political activities started to take off. A brand-new political outlook was formed while exhibiting a more liberal trend. In the 2014 “9-in-1” election, the unfavorable influence against the ruling party was overwhelming, while many counties and cities’ results showed big setbacks. One of the key changes to Taiwan’s political environment is the evolution of voters’ age structure and their awareness, while young first-time voters voiced their different opinions. The research on how to impact voting behavior is always a trendy topic; based on the high-dependence between election results and first-time voters’ behaviors, it is necessary to study more on their key factors. Through various literature reviews, this thesis summarized some possible horizons and principles of impacting voter’s behavior, as well as with in-depth interviews with experts to improve the rationality of related peripherals and guidelines. The formal study structure was established by three-round expert decision-making. Throug DEMATEL, we tried to clarify the cause and effect of what is impacting the voter’s behavior, as well as through ANP to identify the critical criteria. At the end, we used D-ANP for measuring the weight and built up each guideline’s IPA matrix. The conclusion indicated: (1) Five key factors of impacting first-time voters, weighing as follows: "issue oriented", "candidate oriented", "characteristics of voters", "party identification" and "ethnic orientation." (2) Critical criteria included: “leadership”, "participation in political enthusiasm," "knowledge of democratic citizenship", "self-awareness", "ruling party’s performance" and "the direction of national development." (3) From the cause-effect diagram, it was realized that “ruling party’s performance” would weigh more than other 5 key criteria; therefore, it is suggested to start from this area in order to effectively realize the overall improvement. (4) From the result of IPA, “the ruling party’s performance” and "the direction of national development" had been categorized as “the worst and required immediate improvement” quadrant, the candidates and their parties should focus on such. Finally, combined with the above findings and Taiwan’s current social and economic situation, this thesis also provided some campaign strategy focusing on “the ruling party’s performance” and "the direction of national development".

參考文獻


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