台灣汽車業於綠色零組件供應商之多準則評選

Multiple Criteria Evaluation of Green Parts Suppliers for Taiwan Automobile Industry

曹淑茹(Shu-Ju Tsao)

指導教授 ： 胡宜中

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201600218

摘要

汽車產業屬於高資本與技術密集的產業，且有火車頭工業之稱。自2002年1月正式加入世界貿易組織，台灣汽車及零組件生產已嵌入國際分工體系，為了維持穩定成長，廠商致力於外銷市場的拓展。台灣汽車零組件供應商約有近3,000家，當前OEM體系供應商約300家，其餘的均服務國內外售後服務市場。隨著國際對環境生態保護的意識高漲，以及國際組織對於相關法規的制定，對綠色採購的要求已形成態勢。使零組件供應商意識到在綠色管理上建立競爭力的重要性。國內汽車業在綠色管理的推動上一直不遺餘力，但過去對於零組件供應商的選擇仍多次以經濟面的成本與交期等因素考慮，對於環境面的因素評估較為缺乏，在落實綠色供應商評選上仍有相當的努力空間。汽車業在未來推動綠色供應商評選的同時，提供一般件或特定件的零組件供應商如何在評選上提升其競爭力便成為本研究關注的焦點。
本研究透過德爾菲訪談業界專家，建立適用於汽車業綠色零組件供應商評選之研究架構，並運用以決策實驗室法為基礎的網路分析程序法針對汽車業零組件供應商評選之問卷資料進行分析。研究結果顯示，在未針對特定供應商的情況下，「成本」、「污染源管控」、「生態設計」、「管理承諾」是影響供應商評選的關鍵準則，且因果圖顯示欲有效改善關鍵因素之績效，可以考慮由「管理承諾」與「污染源管控」著手改善。由於「管理承諾」屬傾向影響其他準則的「因」且為極需改善的項目，因此由「管理承諾」的改善為出發點有其合理性。本研究就此建議供應商必須落實對「污染源管控」與「生態設計」的管理承諾，以及對環境保護政策的支持，以提升在綠色供應商評選上的競爭力。
在供應商評估方面，由於綠色供應商評估屬於灰色系統問題，而且考量汽車業對不同的零組件供應商在成本或技術上可能存在的特有偏好，本研究因此進一步就國內五家具代表性之零組件供應商，使用結合決策實驗室法、網路分析程序法以及灰關聯分析的資料分析模式評估汽車業對於五家供應商的整體偏好，並據此對其中三家表現較佳之供應商進行個別的重要度與績效值分析。研究結果顯示汽車業可以就提供特殊件的供應商進行評估，並依其特色提出改善建議，以謀求供應商於綠色供應鏈競爭優勢之提升。

關鍵字

汽車製造業 ； 綠色供應鏈 ； 供應商評選 ； 多準則決策 ； 決策實驗室法 ； 網路分析程序法 ； 灰關聯分析

並列摘要

Automotive Industry is a field with high-cost and technology-intensive characteristic and also plays a leading role in industrial sphere. Taiwan automotive and auto-parts production have embedded into international division of labor system since joined World Trade Organization (WTO) in January 2002. Automotive firms emphasizes on expanding export trade market in order to maintain a stable growth. There are nearly three thousand auto-parts suppliers in Taiwan and three hundred of them are in Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), the others provide after-sale service in both domestic and international market. Due to growing global consciousness about environmental protection and related regulation establishment by international organizations, requests of green purchase becomes a trend. This triggers auto-parts suppliers to realize the importance of building competiveness in the green management. Domestic automotive industry has always put efforts in committing green management. However, since previous experiences shows it still chose auto-parts suppliers based economical cost and shipping pace over environmental factors, the lack of environmental factors evaluation makes the implements of green suppliers selection still have a long way to run. How automotive industry provides general or special auto-parts suppliers to enhance their competiveness while getting green suppliers movement in action will become the focus of this research paper.
Through conducting Delphi Survey in field expert, this research builds up a system that can apply on the selection of green auto-parts suppliers and also exercising Analytic Network Process (ANP) based on Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DMATEL) to analyze the data of the survey from auto-parts suppliers selection. The results indicate, without focusing on specific suppliers, “cost”, “pollution control”, “eco-design” and “management commitment” are key standards that influence suppliers’ selection. In addition, the cause-effect diagram shows that by approaching “management commitment” and “pollution control” sector can efficiently improve the achievement of key factors. Since “management commitment” is inclined more to the “factor” that influences other standards and also the most in need of improvement as project item, starts from improvement in “management commitment” has its rational incentives. This research thus suggests suppliers must implement the management commitment on “pollution control” and “eco-design” sector, also support the environmental protection policy in order to elevate their competitiveness on green suppliers selection.
In aspect of suppliers selection, because green suppliers selections belongs to grey system theory and considering that automotive industry may have special preference on cost and technology depending on various auto-parts suppliers, this research conducts the combination of “Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DMATEL),” “Analytic Network Process (ANP)” and “Grey Relation Analysis (GRA)” to evaluate automotive industry’s overall preference towards five identical auto-parts suppliers. Furthermore, the research diagnoses and analyzes individual importance and performance towards the best three of the suppliers. The research results indicates automotive industry can provide improvement suggestion about the distinguishing features of each special auto-parts suppliers to pursue the goal of having competitiveness enhancement in green supply chain.

並列關鍵字

Automotive industry ； Green supply chain ； Supplier selection ； Multiple criteria evaluation ； DEMATEL ； Analytic Network Process ； Grey relational analysis.

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