環境影響評估之司法審查範圍、效力、影響

臺灣近年來在環境與經濟發展的衝突之下，企業與當地居民時常處於相對立的狀態，因其開發案之設立及開發行為，不但對當地居民生活權益造成影響，更甚者還危害整體環境土地資源。面臨民間街頭抗議和爭訟不斷，政府提出二道把關機制：「環評制度」與「開發許可制度」作為抗衡利器；然而，光靠此種制度，真能有效防止土地濫用？又面臨訴訟實務時，法院判決之合理性與否，亦衝擊環境管制與保護環境之目的。本文從我國環評制度之程序及法制內涵，作出基礎說明；再藉由觀察於環評特殊性下的環評案件之司法審查理論與實務，對現況做出分析；最後，以實務判決及案例分析，探討環評審查結論及開發許可經撤銷後，其相互影響之效力及有無損害填補之可能。本文觀察到行政法院對於專業委員會之司法審查，其態度已從過去泛稱尊重其判斷的抽象支持，到近年逐漸具體對其所作決定之相關審查內容，實質加以司法審查；行政法院除已確立環評審查結論對於開發許可具有拘束性，且其之存在亦為開發許可得以持續有效之前提要件；而開發單位於開發行為之過程中，若未能依環評法相關規定如實進行環評，而有規避之情事時，其可能遭致許可經撤銷及損害無法填補之可能。

關鍵字

環境影響評估；司法審查；不確定法律概念；判斷餘地；審查密度；撤銷環評審查結論；開發行為許可

並列摘要

In recent years, enterprises and local residents in Taiwan often confront each other because of the tension between economic development and environmental protection. Development cases not only affects the local residents’ rights and interests, but also jeopardized environment resources. In the face of street protestation and litigations, the government has proposed two mechanisms: the "Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) " and the "Development Licensing System" as counterbalance. However, when and how the court reviews the EIA decisions is crucial for the environmental protection. This article first provides a basic overview on the procedures of EIA and the legal system of our country. Then, it analyzes the current situation based on the judicial review theory and practices in the particular context of EIA cases. Lastly, based on the analysis of the reasonings and effects of these case, it explores the legal effects of EIAs, inquiring into sequent compensations and the revocation of the development licenses. This article observes that the changing attitude of the administrative court on EIA decisions. The Court gradually reviews the EIA decisions substantively. In addition, the court confirms a legal EIA conclusion is a prerequisite for development license, therefore its revocation should invalidate development license. If a developer fails to comply EIA procedures, its license could be revoked without compensation.

並列關鍵字

Environmental Impact Assessment ； Judicial Review ； Indefinite Legal Concepts ； Administrative Discretion ； Level of Scrutiny ； Revocation of the Conclusion of EIA Review ； Development License