臺灣戰後建築教育實踐的過程與內容─以中原大學建築系為例（1960-1980）

Architecture Educational Practice of after the WarII in Taiwan: As an Example of Department of Architecture, Chung Yuan Christian University, 1960-1980

吳春籃(Chun-Lan Wu)

指導教授 ： 曾光宗

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2011.00127

摘要

臺灣今日現代建築思潮已朝多元化發展，其思潮的演進是定著在建築專業人才的實踐過程中，因此建築專業人才的養成是值得被關注的議題。肇基於日據時期的臺灣建築教育，於戰後有極大轉變。1949年國民政府來臺後，來自中國建築專業者，於戰後開始進行現代化的建設，並在臺灣建築教育的發展脈絡中擴展開來。1970年代，留美學生大量回臺投入建築教育工作後，促使臺灣與現代建築教育體系接軌，此一階段可謂是臺灣戰後學習與摸索現代建築的重要時期。成立於1960年的中原建築系，除了契合社會與經濟發展的需求，同時體現臺灣戰後建築教育移轉歷程。因此為理解臺灣戰後建築教育實踐與建築發展相互之間的關係，本研究以中原建築系為例，運用歷史研究法，透過文獻調查與口述歷史訪談的方式，分別討論60與70年代不同時期的教育理念、師資、課程以及教學內容，以利理解臺灣戰後初期建築教育實踐之歷程。
經探討與分析後，臺灣戰後現代建築教育實建的過程與內容，在中原建築教育發展過程中可歸納成為下列幾點，並且在發展脈絡中有部分特質，是有延續或蛻變的。在教學內容方面，因受不同時期師資結構的影響，產生「布雜」演變至「包浩斯」課程特質的變遷；在建築設計的訓練上，是從「繪圖式」演變至「理論式」的設計思惟。另外，受中央系統師資與臺灣都市發展的影響，建築史與都市課程的教學皆成為60與70年代重要的課程，並影響後期中原建築系研究領域的發展。整體而言，中原建築系對臺灣戰後建築教育發展的過程中，極具重要性與代表性，如對臺灣建築界而言，建築專業主義的教育特色成為提供臺灣戰後建築實踐主要的人才來源之一；如從臺灣建築教育體制發展來看，五年制的實施與去工程化的課程改革，是當時相當具有前瞻性的教育理念；如對整體建築教育的傳承來看，中國中央系統師資亦為中國現代建築教育開啟新的一頁，並具有承先啟後的特殊地位；留美師資則為70年代建築教育的實踐過程，引入美國化建築專業的訓練，更成為當時主要的教育特色。

關鍵字

中原大學建築系 ； 建築教育 ； 中央大學建築系 ； 黃寶瑜 ； 布雜學院 ； 現代建築

並列摘要

The development of thoughts on modern architecture in Taiwan is more diversified. The evolution of the thoughts is determined by the practicing process of architectural experts. Therefore the training of architectural experts is an issue that is worth noticing. Architectural education in Taiwan, which was established during the Japanese Colonial Period, was changed dramatically after the war. After the Nationalist Government took over Taiwan in 1949, architectural experts from mainland China began the construction of modernized architecture after the war and took their position in the development context of architectural education in Taiwan. In 1970s, as students who studied in the USA came back to Taiwan and devoted in architectural education, they promoted the connection between Taiwan and modern architectural education system. It was an important stage for architectural experts in Taiwan to learn about and discover modern architecture after the war. The Department of Architecture of Chung Yuan University was found in 1960. In addition to meeting the demands of social and economic developments, it reflects the transfer path of architectural education in Taiwan after the war. Hence, in order to understand the relationship between architectural education practice and architectural development in Taiwan after the war, Department of Architecture of Chung Yuan Christian University was used as an example. Historical research method was applied to discuss the educational idea, teaching resource, curriculum and teaching content in 1960s and 1970s through literature investigation and oral history interview, in order to understand the path of architectural education during the early stage in Taiwan after the war.
After discussion and analysis, the practicing process and content of modern architectural education in Taiwan after the war can be summarized into a few points in terms of the development of architectural education in Department of Architecture of Chung Yuan Christian University. Furthermore, some of the characteristics in the development context is continued or changed. In terms of the teaching content, due to the influence of teaching resources in different periods, the curriculum characteristic has changed from “Beaux” to “Bauhaus.” In terms of the training of architectural design, the design thinking has changed from “drawing” to “theory. Moreover, as affected by teaching resources of central system and urban development in Taiwan, architectural history and urbanization course became important teaching curricula in 1960s and 1970s. They also influenced the research field of Department of Architecture of Chung Yuan Christian University in the later period. Overall, Department of Architecture of Chung Yuan Christian University is very important and representative in the development of architectural education in Taiwan after the war. For example, in terms of the architecture field in Taiwan, the education characteristics in architecture professionalism led it became the main source of experts in architectural practice in Taiwan after the war. In view of the development of architectural education system in Taiwan, the implementation of the 5-year system and the curriculum reform of removing engineering course were very innovative educational ideas at the time. For the passing-on of the whole architectural education, the teaching resource of central system in China opened a new chapter in modern architectural education in China and has a special status in the passing-on. Teachers who studied in the USA brought in American-style professional architecture training in the architectural education practice period in the 1970s and became the main education characteristic at the time.

並列關鍵字

Department of Architecture of Chung Yuan Christian University ； Architecture Education ； Modern architecture ； Ecole des Beaux-Arts ； Boyle Huang ； Department of Architecture of Central University

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