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  • 學位論文

利用高頻超音波影像分析螺捲式薄膜模組之污塞現象

Characterization of membrane fouling in spiral wound module using high frequency ultrasound image analyses

指導教授 : 童國倫

摘要


本研究利用50 MHz高頻超音波影像技術觀察螺捲式薄膜模組內,進料間隔網渠道中內外層薄膜表面之污塞現象。過去文獻雖然有學者利用超音波技術來觀察螺捲式薄膜模組內之污塞現象,但受制於低頻超音波穿透度有限與訊號不易分析,因此無法準確判斷單一進料渠道中,內外層薄膜表面之污塞現象。 本文內容針對不同薄膜材料、擺置方式、操作時間和進料速度來探討對螺捲式薄膜模組污塞之影響。此外並利用計算流體力學(Computational fluid dynamic, CFD)來進行整支螺捲式薄膜模組內之流體力學解析。結果顯示,因高頻超音波之解析度高,故可觀察到膜組內部細微的污塞變化。在橫置RO膜組部份,由於膜組內污塞堆積會受重力影響,而導致剪應力與重力效應互相競爭;直立RO膜組部份,在膜組過濾6與18小時之部份,可獲知由於內層薄膜之彎曲度大於外層薄膜,故於內層薄膜膜面會產生相較於外層薄膜膜面大的剪切應力,較容易掃除膜面堆積物,而在過濾36小時之部份,由於膜組內污塞堆積過於嚴重,而導致剪切應力已不是主要影響之因素。UF膜組部份,可發現靠近純水收集管區域之污塞最為嚴重,藉由CFD模擬解析輔助發現該區域透流速度最大,因此造成粒子往該區域堆積。

並列摘要


The fouling phenomenon in spiral wound membrane modules was investigated using an ultrasonic time domain reflectometry (UTDR) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD). However, the UTDR with the lower frequency transducer has difficulty in analyzing the signals between inner and outer membrane surfaces of the same feed channel in spiral wound membrane modules. Purposes of this research were emphasized on the effects of the different membrane materials, placement types, operation time and feed velocity on the fouling phenomenon in spiral wound membrane modules. The results showed that the UTDR with the 50 MHz transducer had higher resolution so as to observe slight variation on the membrane surface. The fouling behavior was varied by the gravity and shear stress as the spiral wound membrane module set up horizontally. It was obviously understood differences between inner and outer membrane surface of the same feed channel owing to shear stress variations as the module set up vertically. As the membrane permeability of spiral wound membrane modules increased, the fouling area would be closed to the collection pipe. This tendency was agreed well with the CFD results. Therefore, the UTDR with high-frequency transducer could be used to analyze the slight variations of fouling phenomenon in spiral wound membrane modules.

參考文獻


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