臺灣菸草乾燥技術及動態保存之研究

臺灣在日治時期因殖產興業政策的推動與專賣制度的建立，造成菸草產業迅速發展，並給臺灣帶來巨大的殖產經濟。全盛時期全臺有四座菸葉廠，2002年加入世界貿易組織（WTO）後全面開放菸酒市場，逐步不敵競爭而陸續停產。菸業文化資產並未如糖業及酒業等得到足夠關注，目前僅松山菸廠有常態性的展演活動。基於菸產業文化資產保存之完整性，本研究由產業文化資產保存的技術脈絡觀點出發，聚焦臺灣重要的黃色種葉菸草引入後的乾燥技術轉變，意圖釐清黃色種葉菸草乾燥技術對菸業之發展影響及動態保存策略建議。檢視現存菸葉廠的保存現況，近年在菸業文化資產再利用推動上，2010年屏東菸葉廠開啟菸產業文化資產的研究調查及活化，惟建築與機具保存尚完整，部份零件遺失無法運轉；目前花蓮菸葉廠與嘉義菸葉廠只存留建築本體，為關閉狀態；唯有臺中菸葉廠於2016年指定為歷史建築，2017年停工後便現地保存，保持建築與機具的完整性與真實性，維持可運作狀態。本研究基於臺中菸葉廠獨特之設備條件，保存完整的菸產業設備，提出從技術觀點做動態保存的保存價值及應用策略建議，呼應「都柏林準則」對產業遺產動態保存的倡議，探討其動態保存可能性及方式。透過國內外文獻分析，彙整出三種保存模式及案例：1.完整的生產系統到局部的生產系統；2.部份機械動態保存但不生產；3.少量局部的生產性保存，將分析結果應用於臺中菸葉廠之動態保存建議。本研究成果為：1.梳理菸草的乾燥技術轉變，釐清黃色種葉菸草乾燥技術在臺灣菸業生產之影響與重要性；2.建構臺中菸葉廠的價值，從歷史、技術、建築、都市及系統性保存等面向探討；3.以產業技術史為核心，透過動態保存的案例分析，提供臺中菸葉廠的動態保存建議。

關鍵字

菸草；乾燥技術；動態保存；產業技術史；產業文化資產；臺中菸葉廠

並列摘要

During the Japanese Occupation Period in Taiwan, with the implementation of colonial business policies and construction of monopoly system, development of tobacco industry was accelerated and it resulted in significant colonial business economy in Taiwan. In the popular period, around Taiwan, there were 4 tobacco redrying plants. In 2002, after joining in World Trade Organization (WTO), Taiwan opened up the market of tobacco and liquor. The plants successively stopped the production due to competition. Tobacco industry cultural heritage did not draw attention as sugar industry and liquor industry. At present, there are regular performances and exhibitions only in Songshan Tobacco Plant. For complete preservation of tobacco industry cultural heritage, from the perspective of preservation technology of industrial heritage, this study focuses on the change of drying after the introduction of important Nicotiana Rustica in Taiwan in order to clarify the effect of Nicotiana Rustica drying on the development of tobacco industry and the suggestion for functional preservation strategies. As to present preservation of tobacco redrying plants, in recent years, in terms of reuse of tobacco industry cultural heritage, in 2010, Pingtung tobacco redrying plant launched the research and activation of tobacco industry cultural heritage. However, preservation of the building and machinery equipment was complete and some components disappeared or no longer worked; at present, Hualien Tobacco Redrying Plant and Chiayi Tobacco Redrying Plant only preserved the building and they were closed. In 2016, Taichung Tobacco Redrying Plant was designated as historic building and in 2017, after shutdown, it was remained on the site to preserve the completeness and authenticity of the building and machinery equipment for the following operation. Regarding unique equipment and properly preserved tobacco industry devices of Taichung Tobacco Redrying Plant, this study proposed the suggestions for the preservation value and application strategies of functional preservation from the perspective of technology to respond to “The Dublin Principles” on functional preservation of industrial heritage and explore the feasibility and measure of functional preservation. Through the review of current literatures, this paper generalizes three preservation models and cases: (1) from complete to partial production system; (2) partial mechanical functional preservation without production; (3) few and partial production preservation. The analytical results will serve as the suggestions for functional preservation of Taichung Tobacco Redrying Plant. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) it generalizes the change of tobacco drying and clarifies the effect and importance of Nicotiana Rustica drying on tobacco industry production in Taiwan; (2) it constructs the value of Taichung Tobacco Redrying Plant and explores the history, technology, architecture, urban and systematic preservation; (3) based on industrial technology history, by case analysis of functional preservation, it proposes the suggestions for functional preservation of Taichung Tobacco Redrying Plant.

並列關鍵字

Tobacco ； Drying Technology ； Dynamic Preservation ； Industrial Technology History ； Industrial Heritage ； Taichung Tobacco Redrying Plant

參考文獻

中文專書

Google Scholar

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