使用改良式可調整高度之置料架改善抬舉作業潛在傷害風險

勞動部勞工保險局2018年資料顯示，我國勞工在各種職業病案例中，分別以下背痛及手臂肩頸疾病占了大部分之比例，這兩種職業病的產生又大多是來自於人員進行抬舉作業時使用了不正確的姿勢來完成搬運動作，因此如何透過人因工程設計來降低此風險就是非常重要的議題。本研究是以某項實際抬舉作業進行模擬實驗，該項作業因空間問題，使用多層置料架進行堆疊，工作人員常常需要配合使用高度過高或太低的層板作出使身體處於罹患手臂肩頸疾病或下背痛的風險之下，長期下來會對員工造成累積傷害，但透過人因工程概念進行設計，進行相關工程改善即可降低風險。本研究將採用NIOSH、KIM-LHC及BORG自覺費力量表三種工具進行檢核，先後共進行數次相同工作但針對工作內容中的置料架本身稍作改變的實驗流程，藉此比較其中差異性，並以統計方法分析各種流程中是否因置料架的改變產生了顯著之差異性，藉此證明此人因工程設計是否有明顯效果可以改善目標抬舉作業之潛在傷害風險。本實驗一共招募30位受測者，實驗完成後分別由研究者以NIOSH及KIM-LHC收集相關數據後進行客觀分析，同時由受測者自行填寫BORG自覺費力量表進行主觀數據蒐集，作為最後統計分析之依據。研究結果顯示，不論是NIOSH及KIM-LHC之結果或是BORG的數據統計分析結果，都證明了加入了人因工程設計的改良式置料架確實能改善目標抬舉作業的潛在傷害風險。

關鍵字

置料架；人因工程；抬舉作業

並列摘要

According to the data of the Bureau of Labor Insurance of the Ministry of Labor in 2018, in the case of various occupational diseases, the low back pain and arms and neck diseases accounted for the majority of the cases. The two occupational diseases were mostly caused by manual lifting work, when using incorrect postures to complete the lifting task, so how to reduce this risk through human factors engineering is a very important issue. This study is a simulation experiment with a real lifting operation. Due to the space stacking problem, used a multi-layer shelf to stack materials, workers often put their body under the musculoskeletal disorder risk on arms, shoulder and neck by using the higher or lower layer. It has caused cumulative trauma damage to employees in a long run. In the future, if the body has suffered the corresponding occupational disease actually, the employees can only return to the company for compensation, resulting in a situation in which both the employer and the employee lose, it is better to carry out the relevant engineering improvement, designed through ergonomics concepts to reduce the corresponding risks. This study has used the NIOSH manual handling function, the KIM-LHC checklist and the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion to verify, which have been carried out several times simulation in the same work process but the experiment is slightly changed for the shelf, and compare the differences by these simulations, and statistically analyzing whether the various processes have significant differences due to the change of the shelf’s layers. It is proved that the person can improve the potential risk of the target lifting operation due to the obvious effect through the new design device. A total of 30 persons were recruited in this experiment. After the experiment was completed, the researchers collected relevant data by the NIOSH manual handling function and KIM-LHC and performed objective analysis. At the same time, the subjects completed the subjective data collection by BORG self-conscious power meter. The results show that both the results of the NIOSH and KIM-LHC and the statistical analysis of BORG data prove that the improved racks with ergonomics device can improve the potential risk of target lifting operations.