蒙古學習者華語擦音習得研究

The Phonetic Acquisition of Chinese Fricatives by Mongolian Learners of Chinese

蔡琬甄(Wan-Chen Tsai)

指導教授 ： 施雅婷

中原大學/人文與教育學院/應用華語文研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202100025

摘要

研究者於教學現場中發現蒙古學生在學習華語語音時，以華語擦音之語音偏誤較多，但相關研究中針對此範圍之研究卻較少。因此，本論文以語音轉寫與聲學分析研究蒙古學習者五個華語無聲擦音：唇齒擦音f[f]、齒齦擦音s[s]、捲舌擦音sh[ʂ]、硬顎擦音x[ɕ]及軟顎擦音h[x]之習得難點，研究問題為：(1)蒙古學習者在發華語無聲擦音時有哪些偏誤與難點、(2)蒙古學習者在發華語無聲擦音時的聲學表現為何，以及(3)蒙古學習者在發華語無聲擦音時與華語母語者在聲學表現上有何異同。為解答這些研究問題，本研究邀請蒙古學習者30名（男性5位及女性25位）和華語母語者6位（男性3位及女性3位）參與語音實驗，錄音內容以華語擦音與可搭配之母音組成之詞彙共40個，由受試者進行覆述任務。分析方法分為語音轉寫及聲學分析，研究者先聽辨受試者音檔之發音及正確與否，再進行頻譜動差分析，得出平均數（M1）及輔音和元音交界處之第二共振峰值（onset of F2）。語音轉寫結果顯示，學習者發華語擦音之正確率由高至低為h[h]＞s[s]＞x[ɕ]＞f[f]＞sh[ʂ]；聲學分析結果則顯示學習者的硬顎擦音x[ɕ]和捲舌擦音sh[ʂ]有重疊的現象，唇齒擦音f[f]分布區域較廣，且部分與軟顎擦音h[x]重疊。最後結果顯示Lado（1957）提出之CAH理論更符合本研究結果，且透過結果可應證母語負遷移現象是存在的，學習者易借助母語規則，而產生語音的錯誤。希望於未來教學場域中，能夠利用此次的研究結果協助蒙古籍學習者更好地習得華語語音。

關鍵字

華語語音習得 ； 華語擦音 ； 對比分析假說 ； 語音習得模式 ； 蒙古學習者

並列摘要

The researcher noticed that when teaching Mongolian leaners, they had difficulties in Mandarin voiceless fricatives. However, relatively less research focusses on Mongolian learners’ acquisition of Mandarin voiceless fricatives. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the acquisition of Mandarin five voiceless fricatives: labio-dental [f], dental [s], retroflex [ʂ], palatal [ɕ] and velar [x] by Mongolian learners. The research questions are:(1) What learning difficulties these Mongolian learners have when producing five Mandarin voiceless fricatives? (2) How these Mongolian learners acoustic performance of the five voiceless fricatives behave? (3) What acoustic differences or similarities between native and Mongolian learners have in producing these five voiceless fricatives? To answer these research questions, the researcher invited 30 Mongolian learners (5 males and 25 females) and 6 Mandarin native speakers (3 males and 3 females) to participate in an audio-picture prompted repetition task. Data were analyzed using phonetic transcription and acoustic analyses. The results showed that [h] had the highest correct rate followed by [s], [ɕ], [f] and [ʂ]. On the other hand, the acoustic analyses showed that these Mongolian Mandarin learners’ palatal fricatives x[ɕ] overlapped with their retroflex [ʂ] on the M1 dimension. Moreover, the labio-dental [f] had a wide distribution, and partly overlapped with the velar [x] on the M1 dimension. The results indicate that negative transfer from native language to target language does exist. In addition, based on the results CAH has better explanatory power in predicting Mongolian Mandarin learners’ pronunciation patterns of Mandarin fricatives. The researcher hopes that the results of this study can benefit future Mongolian learners’ acquisition of Mandarin voiceless fricatives.

並列關鍵字

Mandarin phonetic acquisition ； Mandarin fricative ； Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis ； Speech Learning Model ； Mongolian learners

參考文獻

一、中文文獻

包雙喜（2007）。《蒙古國學生漢語偏誤分析》。漢語學習，4期，頁84-86。

史習成（1997）。《現代蒙古語基礎》。蒙藏委員會。

甘提格（2010）。《蒙古生的聲調偏誤調查與分析（碩士論文）》。銘傳大學。

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